Publications

2021

Clark, H., & Leavens, D. A. (2021) The performance of domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) on two versions of the Object Choice Task. Animal Cognition. (Published online in advance of print.) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-021-01500-9

Leavens, D. A. (2021) The referential problem space revisited: An ecological hypothesis of the evolutionary and developmental origins of pointing. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science. DOI:10.1002/wcs.1554

Leavens, D. A., & Bard, K. A. (In press). Primate cognition in captivity. In A. Lock, C. Sinha, and N. Gontier (Eds.), Oxford handbook of human symbolic evolution.  Oxford: Oxford University Press.

2020

Bates LA (2020) Cognitive abilities in elephants. In: The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behaviour. Eds. L. Workman, W. Reader & J. Barkow. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pp 14-22.

Clark, H., Flack, Z. M., & Leavens, D. A. (2020) Changes in the referential problem space of infants and toddlers (Homo sapiens): Implications for cross-species comparisons. Journal of Comparative Psychology 134: 330-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/com0000218

Humphreys, T., Stringer, F., Proops, L. & McComb, K. (2020) Slow blink eye closure in shelter cats Is related to quicker adoption. Animals 2020, 10, 2256.

Humphrey, T., Proops, L., Forman, J., Spooner, R. & McComb, K. (2020) The role of cat eye narrowing movements in cat-human communication. Scientific Reports 10:16503.

van de Water A, Henley M, Bates LA & Slotow R (2020) Future of Thailand’s captive elephants: Commentary on Baker & Winkler on Elephant Rewilding. Animal Sentience 28 (18) 326.   

2019

Bard, K. A., & Leavens, D. A. (2019, June) A menagerie of human concepts: A review of M. Tomasello, Becoming human: A theory of ontogeny. The Psychologist 32: 65.

Bates LA & Byrne RW (2019) The Evolution of Intelligence: Reconstructing the Pathway to the Human Mind. In: The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence, 2nd Edition. Ed. R. Sternberg. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pp 428-450.

Clark, H., & Leavens, D. A. (2019). Testing dogs in ape-like conditions: The effect of a barrier on dogs’ performance on the object choice task. Animal Cognition 22: 1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-019-01297-8

Clark, H., Elsherif, M., & Leavens, D. A. (2019) Ontogeny vs. phylogeny in Primate/Canid comparisons: A meta-analysis of the object choice task. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 105: 178-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.001

Leavens, D. A. (2019, October 1) The pointing ape. Aeon. https://aeon.co/essays/how-clint-the-chimp-revised-theories-of-language-and-cognition

Leavens, D. A., Bard, K. A., & Hopkins, W. D. (2019) The mismeasure of ape social cognition. Animal Cognition 22: 487-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-017-1119-1

2018

Bates LA (2018) Elephants – Studying Cognition in the African Savannah. In: Field and Laboratory Methods in Animal Cognition. Eds. N. Bueno-Guerra & F. Amici. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Flack, Z., & Leavens, D. A. (2018) Communication and developmental milestones. In T. K. Shackelford & V. E. Weekes-Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science. New York: Springer.

Flack, Z., Naylor, M., & Leavens, D. A. (2018) Pointing to visible and invisible targets. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 42: 221-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-017-0270-3

Garai ME, Bates LA, Bertschinger H, Delsink A, Pretorius Y, Selier J, Zitzer HR (2018) Non-lethal elephant population control methods: Summary of the first workshop of the Elephant Specialist Advisory Group of South Africa. Bothalia – African Biodiversity and Conservation 48 (2) a2357.   

Krause, M. A., Udell, M. A. R., Leavens, D. A., & Skopos, L. (2018) Animal pointing: Changing trends and findings from 30 years of research. Journal of Comparative Psychology 132: 326-345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/com0000125

Leavens, D. A. (2018) The cognitive implications of intentional communication: A multi-faceted mirror. In L. Di Paolo, F. Di Vincenzo, & F. De Petrillo (Eds.), Evolution of primate social cognition (pp. 59-77). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93776-2_5.

Leavens, D. A. (2018) William Hopkins. In J. Vonk & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of animal cognition and behavior. New York: Springer.

Pretorius Y, Garai M & Bates LA (2018) The status of African elephant Loxodonta africana populations in South Africa. Oryx. doi:10.1017/S0030605317001454.

Proops L., Grounds K., Smith A.V. & McComb K. (2018) Animals remember previous facial expressions that specific humans have exhibited. Current Biology 28, 1428–1432.e4

Smith A.V., Proops L., Grounds K., Wathan J., Scott S. & McComb K. (2018) Domestic horses (Equus caballus) differentiate negative from positive emotion in human nonverbal vocalisations. Scientific Reports 8:13052 (2018).

2017

Benson-Amram, S., Gilfillan, G. & McComb, K. (2017)  Numerical assessment in the wild: insights from social carnivores  Philosophical Transactions R. Soc.: Biological Sciences, 373: 20160508.

Garai ME, Bates LAPretorius Y, Hofmeyr M, Henley M, Selier J (2017) Understanding Elephants: Guidelines for safe and enjoyable elephant viewing. Struik Nature: South Africa.

Gilfillian, Geoffrey D., Vitale, Jessica D. T., McNutt, J. Weldon, McComb, Karen (2017) Spontaneous discrimination of urine odours in wild African lions (Panthera leoAnimal Behaviour, 126 pp. 177-185. ISSN 0003-3472.

Leavens, D. A., & Clark, H. (2017). Joint attention. In J. Vonk & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of animal cognition and behavior. New York: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1075-1

Smith A.V., Wilson C., McComb K. & Proops L. (2017) Domestic horses (Equus caballus) prefer to approach humans displaying a submissive rather than a dominant body posture. Animal Cognition 21, 307-312.

2016

Gilfillan, G, Vitale, J., McNutt, J.W. & McComb, K (2016) Cross-modal individual recognition in wild African Lions. Biology Letters 12: 20160323.

Leavens, D. A., & Bard, K. A. (2016) Quick guide: Tickling. Current Biology 26: R91-R93.

Leavens, D. A., & Hopkins, W. D. (2016) Primate gestures. In T. K. Shackelford & V. E. Weekes-Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science. New York: Springer.

Smith, A., Proops, L., Grounds, K., Wathan, J. & McComb, K. (2016) Functionally relevant responses to human facial expressions of emotion in the domestic horse (Equus caballus). Biology Letters 12: 20150907.

Wathan, J., Proops, L., Ground, K. & McComb, K. (2016) Horses discriminate between facial expressions of conspecifics. Scientific Reports 6:38322.

2015

Leavens, D. A., Reamer, L. A., Mareno, M. C., Russell, J. L., Wilson, D., Schapiro, S. J., & Hopkins, W. D. (2015) Distal communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for common ground? Child Development 86: 1623-1638. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12404

Wathan, J., Burrows, A, Waller, B. & McComb, K. (2015) EquiFACS: The Equine Facial Action Coding System. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0131738.

2014

Bard, K. A., & Leavens, D. A. (2014) The importance of development for comparative primatology. Annual Review of Anthropology 43: 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102313-030223

Bard, K. A., Bakeman, R., Boysen, S. T., & Leavens, D. A. (2014) Emotional engagements predict and enhance social cognition in young chimpanzees.  Developmental Science 17: 682-696. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12145

Froese, T., & Leavens, D. A. (2014) The direct perception hypothesis: Perceiving the intention of another’s action hinders its precise imitation. Frontiers in Psychology 5(65): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00065

Hobaiter, C., Leavens, D. A., & Byrne, R. W. (2014). Deictic gesturing in wild chimpanzees? Some possible cases. Journal of Comparative Psychology 128:, 82-87.  https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033757. [Reprinted in French as Hobaiter, C., Leavens, D. A., & Byrne, R. W. (2016). Gestes déictiques chez les chimpanzés sauvages (Pan troglodytes)? Quelques cas possibles. Enfance 2016(4): 405-417. https://doi.org/10.4074/S0013754516004055]

Leavens, D. A. (2014) The plight of the sense-making ape. In M. Cappuccio & T. Froese (Eds.), Enactive cognition at the edge of sense-making (pp. 81-104). Basingstoke, U.K.: Palgrave Macmillan.

Leavens, D. A., Sansone, J., Burfield, A. R., Lightfoot, S., O'Hara, S., & Todd, B. K. (2014). Putting the 'joy' in joint attention: Affective-gestural synchrony by parents who point for their babies. Frontiers in Psychology 5(879): 1-7.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00879. [Reprinted in E. Di Paolo & H. De Jaegher (eds.). (2015) Towards an embodied science of intersubjectivity: Widening the scope of social understanding research (pp. 171-177). Lausanne: Frontiers Media. doi: 10.3389/978-2-88919-529-9.]

Leavens, D. A., Taglialatela, J. P., & Hopkins, W. D. (2014) From grasping to grooming to gossip: Innovative use of chimpanzee signals in novel environments supports both vocal and gestural theories of language origins. In M. Pina & N. Gontier (Eds.), The evolution of social communication in primates: A multidisciplinary approach (pp. 179-194). New York: Springer.

Lyn, H., Russell, J. L., Leavens, D. A., Bard, K. A., Boysen, S. T., Schaeffer, J., & Hopkins, W. D. (2014) Apes communicate about absent and displaced objects: Methodology matters. Animal Cognition 17: 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1037/e598092013-023

McComb, K. Shannon, G., Sayialel, K. & Moss, C. (2014) Elephants can determine ethnicity, gender, and age from acoustic cues in human voices PNAS 111(14), 5433–5438.

Meguerditchian, A., Taglialatela, J. P., Leavens, D. A., & Hopkins, W. D. (2014) Why vocal production of atypical sounds in apes and its cerebral correlates have a lot to say about the origin of language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37: 565-566.

Ratcliffe, V.F., McComb, K. & Reby, D. (2014) Cross-modal discrimination of human gender by domestic dogs. Animal Behaviour 91, 127–135.

Wathan, J. & McComb, K. (2014) The eyes and ears are visual indicators of attention in domestic horses.  Current Biology 24, R1-R2.