Prof Dai Stephens

Biography

Homepage for Dai Stephens

Sussex University: Psychology Home Page

BSc Biology, Sussex
PhD Physiology, London

After graduating in the very first cohort of students in Biological Sciences at Sussex, I obtained my PhD at Queen Elizabeth College, London for work on the hypothalamic control of insulin and gastric secretions. Following postdoctoral research with Jac Herberg at the Institute of Neurology (London)(where we were among the first to attribute a role for brain dopamine systems in motivational processes) and John Dobbing at the University of Manchester studying the consequences of early life malnutrition on brain development, I spent 14 years in the pharmaceutical industry as Head of Central Nervous System Research at Schering AG in Berlin. I returned to Sussex in 1995 as Professor of Experimental Psychology.

I am a past-president of the European Behavioural Pharmacology Society (EBPS). I am on the editorial boards of several journals, including Addiction Biology and Behavioural Pharmacology, and Synapse, and I recently stepped down as European Editor-in-Chief of Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

Community and Business

External Collaborations

I lead the MRC cross-institutional Addiction Cluster "GABA" investigating the role of GABA_A receptors in addictive behaviours.

Under that umbrella, I collaborate with Prof Jerry Lambert and Dr Delia Belelli (University of Dundee) and Dr Jerome Swinny (University of Portsmouth) under a series of joint MRC grants investigating GABAergic signalling in the nucleus accumbens in processes underlying addiction.

Under the umbrella of the EC InterReg project "AlcoBinge", I collaborate with Prof Mickael Naassila(University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens) and Prof David Vaudry (University of Rouen) in studying the consequences of adolescent binge drinking on brain function, and adult addiction.

I collaborate with Prof Ed Bullmore and colleagues at GlaxoSmithKline in investigating the potential utility of a novel mu opiate receptor antagonist/inverse agonist in treating alcohol abuse.

Within the EU FP7 Project "IMAGEN" I collaborate with Prof Gunter Schumann (Kings College London) and numerous groups in Germany, France, Ireland and the UK investigating genetic contributions to impulsive behaviour and related mental disorders including drug abuse.

I collaborate with Dr Clare Stanford and Prof Steve Hunt (UCL) in investigating the role of NK1 receptors in impulsive disorders.

I collaborate with various colleagues in Prof Rainer Spanagel's group at the University of Heidelberg's Central Institute for Mental Health (Mannheim) in studying the consequences of directed genetic mutations in mice on behaviours related to addiction.

Research Interests

1. Mechanisms underlying synaptic and behavioural plasticity that contribute to drug and alcohol dependence and abuse.

2. Consequences of alcohol abuse on brain function and its consequences for cognition and emotion.

3. Psychopharmacology, especially of benzodiazepines and excitatory amino acid antagonists with regard to their anxiolytic and cognitive effects.

4. Studies of learning and memory in genetically manipulated animals. 

Research Support

My research has been consistently supported by the UK Medical Research Council.

I am PI on current MRC grants studying:

• the consequences of multiple detoxifications from alcohol abuse on brain cognitive and emotional function

and

• the role of GABA-A alpha2 receptor subtypes in cocaine abuse.  

I am PI of the MRC cross-institutional Addiction Research Cluster  "GABA" http://www.mrc.ac.uk/Ourresearch/ResearchInitiatives/Addictionresearch/DaiStephens/index.htm.

Within the Cluster, I am PI on the recently awarded grant 

•  GABA-A receptors in accumbens neural circuits underlying drug abuse: novel targets for treatment.

http://www.mrc.ac.uk/Ourresearch/ResearchInitiatives/Addictionresearch/Fundingawarded/index.htm

My work on the genetics of impulsivity and drug abuse is supported by the EU FP6 Programme, under the umbrella IMAGEN

http://www.imagen-europe.com/

I am a co-investigator on an  EU InterReg grant "ALCOBINGE", that studies the short and long term effects of alcohol bingeing on health.

My own contribution is on the consequences of alcohol abuse for impulsivity.

ALCOBINGE is a collaboration between the University of Sussex and the Universities of Rouen and Amiens.

http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/index.cfm?request=c1164463

http://www.eastsussex.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/627EDBB2-70DE-4760-B173-EC6A1616B2A9/0/fundingapril10.doc

Doctoral work in my lab is currently supported by doctoral training awards from the MRC and BBSRC.

Current Lab Members

Claire Dixon

Yolanda Pena-Oliver

Sophie Walker

Leigh Hoang

Eoin O'Connor

Tom Macpherson

Sandra Sanchez

Collaborators (see also publications)

University of Sussex

Dora Duka (Psychology)

Sarah King (Psychology)

Hans Crombag (Psychology)

Tamzin Ripley (Psychology)

Hugo Critchley (Brighton & Sussex Medical School)

Other Institutes

Delia Belelli (University of Dundee)

Jeff Dalley (University of Cambridge)

Sylvane Desrivieres (Institute of Psychiatry, London)

Jerry Lambert (University of Dundee)

Andy Mead (Pfizer, UK)

Mickael Naassila (University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens)

Gunter Schumann (Institute of Psychiatry, London)

Rainer Spanagel (Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany)

Clare Stanford (University College, London)

Howard Thomas (Imperial)

Steve Williams (Institute of Psychiatry, London)

I have retired from teaching 

Stephens, Dai and King, Sarah L (2013) Neuropharmacology of benzodiazepines. In: Biological research on addiction: comprehensive addictive behaviors and disorders. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 605-614. ISBN 9780123983350

Dudley, Julia A, Weir, Ruth K, Yan, Ting C, Grabowska, Ewelina M, Grimmé, Ashley J, Amini, Susana, Stephens, David N, Hunt, Stephen P and Stanford, S Clare (2013) Antagonism of L-type Ca(v) channels with nifedipine differentially affects performance of wildtype and NK1R-/- mice in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction-Time Task. Neuropharmacology, 64 (1). pp. 329-336. ISSN 1873-7064

Stephens, David N, Crombag, Hans S and Duka, Theodora (2013) The challenge of studying parallel behaviors in humans and animal models. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 13. pp. 611-45. ISSN 1866-3370

Whelan, Robert, Conrod, Patricia J, Poline, Jean-Baptiste, Lourdusamy, Anbarasu, Stephens, Dai and et al, (2012) Adolescent impulsivity phenotypes characterized by distinct brain networks. Nature Neuroscience, 15 (6). pp. 920-925. ISSN 1546-1726

Peña-Oliver, Y, Buchman, V L, Dalley, J W, Robbins, T W, Schumann, G, Ripley, T L, King, S L and Stephens, D N (2012) Deletion of alpha-synuclein decreases impulsivity in mice. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 11 (2). pp. 137-146. ISSN 1601-1848

Sanchez-Roige, S, Peña-Oliver, Y and Stephens, D N (2012) Measuring impulsivity in mice: the five-choice serial reaction time task. Psychopharmacology, 219 (2). pp. 253-270. ISSN 1432-2072

Dixon, Claire I, Walker, Sophie E, King, Sarah L and Stephens, David N (2012) Deletion of the gabra2 gene results in hypersensitivity to the acute effects of ethanol but does not alter ethanol self administration. PloS ONE, 7 (10). e47135. ISSN 1932-6203

O'Daly, Owen G, Trick, Leanne, Scaife, Jess, Marshall, Jane, Ball, David, Phillips, Mary L, Williams, Stephen SC, Stephens, David N and Duka, Theodora (2012) Withdrawal-associated increases and decreases in functional neural connectivity associated with altered emotional regulation in alcoholism. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37 (10). pp. 2267-2276. ISSN 0893-133X

Ripley, Tamzin L and Stephens, David N (2011) Critical thoughts on current animal models for evaluating potential treatments of alcohol addiction and withdrawal? British Journal of Pharmacology, 164 (4). pp. 1335-1356. ISSN 0007-1188

Ripley, Tamzin L and Stephens, David N (2011) Critical thoughts on current rodent models for evaluating potential treatments of alcohol addiction and withdrawal. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164 (4). pp. 1335-1356. ISSN 1476-5381

Walker, Sophie, Pena-Oliver, Yolanda and Stephens, Dai (2011) Learning not to be impulsive: disruption by experience of alcohol withdrawal. Psychopharmacology, 217 (3). pp. 433-42. ISSN 1432-2072

Duka, Theodora, Trick, Leanne, Nikolaou, Kyriaki, Gray, Marcus A, Kempton, Matthew J, Williams, Hugh, Williams, Steven C R, Critchley, Hugo D and Stephens, David N (2011) Unique brain areas associated with abstinence control are damaged in multiply detoxified alcoholics. Biological Psychiatry, 70 (6). pp. 545-552. ISSN 1873-2402

Duka, Theodora, Crombag, Hans S and Stephens, David N (2011) Experimental medicine in drug addiction: towards behavioural cognitive and neurobiological biomarkers biomarkers. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25 (9). pp. 1235-1255. ISSN 0269-8811

Stephens, David N, Crombag, Hans S and Duka, Theodora (2011) The challenge of studying parallel behaviours in human and animal models. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences. ISSN PMID: 21612768

Halbout, Briac, Perreau-Lenz, Stéphanie, Dixon, Claire I, Stephens, David N and Spanagel, Rainer (2011) Per1(Brdm1) mice self-administer cocaine and reinstate cocaine-seeking behaviour following extinction. Behavioral Pharmacology, 22 (1). pp. 76-80. ISSN 0955-8810

Yan, Ting Carrie, Dudley, Julia A, Weir, Ruth K, Grabowska, Ewelina M, Peña-Oliver, Yolanda, Ripley, Tamzin L, Hunt, Stephen P, Stephens, David N and Stanford, S Clare (2011) Performance deficits of NK1 receptor knockout mice in the 5 choice serial reaction time task: effects of d Amphetamine, stress and time of day. PLoS ONE, 6 (3). e17586. ISSN 1932-6203

Novak, Martin, Halbout, Briac, O'Connor, Eoin, Parkitna, Jan Rodriguez, Su, Tian, Chai, Minqiang, Crombag, Hans, Bilbao, Ainhoa, Spanagel, Rainer, Stephens, David N, Schütz, Günther and Engblom, David (2010) Incentive learning underlying cocaine relapse requires mGluR5 receptors located on dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons. Journal of Neuroscience, 30 (36). pp. 11973-11982. ISSN 0270-6474

Novak, Martin, Halbout, Briac, O'Connor, Eoin, Parkitna, Jan Rodriguez, Su, Tian, Chai, Minqiang, Crombag, Hans S, Bilbao, Ainhoa, Spanagel, Rainer, Stephens, David N, Schütz, Günther and Engblom, David (2010) Incentive Learning Underlying Cocaine-Seeking Requires mGluR5 Receptors Located on Dopamine D1 Receptor-Expressing Neurons. Journal of Neuroscience, 30 (36). pp. 11973-11982. ISSN 02706474

Yan, T C, Dudley, J, Weir, R, Grabowska, E, Oliver, Y P, Ripley, T, Hunt, S P and Stephens, D N (2010) Behaviour Of Nk1r+/+ And Nk1r-/- Mice In The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task. In: Summer Meeting of the British-Association-for-Psychopharmacology, JUL 25-28, 2010, Harrogate, UNITED KINGDOM.

Dudley, J, Yan, T C, Weir, R, Grabowska, E, Oliver, Y P, Ripley, T L, Hunt, S P, Stephens, D N and Stanford, S C (2010) Effects Of D-Amphetamine On The Behaviour Of Nk1r+/+ And Nk1r-/- Mice In The 5 Choice Serial Reaction Time Task. In: Summer Meeting of the British-Association-for-Psychopharmacology JUL 25-28, 2010, Harrogate, UNITED KINGDOM.

Pena-Oliver, Y, Ripley, T, Desrivieres, S and Stephens, D N (2010) Use of recombinant inbred mouse strains to study genetic basis of motor impulsivity and compulsivity in 5-choice serial reaction time task. In: Summer Meeting of the British-Association-for-Psychopharmacology JUL 25-28, 2010.

Peña-Oliver, Yolanda, Buchman, Vladimir L and Stephens, David N (2010) Lack of involvement of alpha-synuclein in unconditioned anxiety in mice. Behavioural Brain Research, 209 (2). pp. 234-240. ISSN 0166-4328

O'Connor, Eoin, Crombag, Hans S, Mead, Andy and Stephens, David N (2010) The mGluR5 receptor antagonist MTEP dissociates the acquisition of predictive and incentive motivational properties of reward-paired stimuli in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35. pp. 1807-1817.

Leeman, Robert F, Heilig, Markus, Cunningham, Christopher L, Stephens, Dai, Duka, Dora and O'Malley, Stephanie S (2010) Ethanol consumption: how should we measure it? Achieving consilience between human and animal phenotypes. Addiction Biology, 15 (2). pp. 109-124. ISSN 1355-6215

Dixon, Claire I, Morris, Hannah V, Breen, Gerome, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Jugurnauth, Sarah, Steiner, Rebecca C, Vallada, Homero, Guindalini, Camila, Laranjeira, Ronaldo, Messas, Guilherme, Rosahl, Thomas W, Atack, John R, Peden, Dianne R, Belelli, Delia, Lambert, Jeremy J, King, Sarah L, Schumann, Gunter and Stephens, David N (2010) Cocaine effects on mouse incentive-learning and human addiction are linked to α2 subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107 (5). pp. 2289-2294. ISSN 0027-8424

Schumann, G, Loth, E, Stephens, D N and et al, (2010) The IMAGEN study: Reinforcement-related behaviour in normal brain function and psychopathology. Molecular Psychiatry, 15. pp. 1128-39. ISSN 1359-4184

Peña Oliver, Yolanda, Ripley, Tamzin L and Stephens, David N (2009) Ethanol effects on impulsivity in two mouse strains: similarities to diazepam and ketamine. Psychopharmacology, 204 (4). pp. 679-692. ISSN 0033-3158

Stephens, D N, Belelli, D, Lambert, J J, Thomas, H and King, S L (2009) Gaba(A) receptor subunits: their contribution to ethanol and other addictive behaviours in mice. In: 32nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, 20-24th June 2009, San Diego, California.

Morris, H V, Nilsson, S, Dixon, C I, Stephens, D N and Clifton, P G (2009) Alpha1- and alpha2-containing GABA(A) receptor modulation is not necessary for benzodiazepine-induced hyperphagia. Appetite, 52 (3). pp. 675-683. ISSN 0195-6663

George, S A, Hutson, P H and Stephens, D N (2009) Differential effects of MPEP and diazepam in tests of conditioned emotional response and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer suggests 'anxiolytic' effects are mediated by different mechanisms. Psychopharmacology, 204 (3). pp. 499-509. ISSN 0033-3158

Morris, Hannah, Stephens, Dai and Clifton, Pete (2008) GABA-A receptor subtypes, benzodiazepines and feeding. Appetite, 51 (3). p. 758. ISSN 0195-6663

Stephens, David N and Duka, Theodora (2008) Cognitive and emotional consequences of binge drinking: role of amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Philosophical Transactions B: Biological Sciences, 363 (1507). pp. 3169-3179. ISSN 1471-2970

Rulten, S L, Hodder, E, Ripley, T L, Stephens, D N and Mayne, L V (2008) Alcohol induces DNA damage and the Fanconi anemia D2 protein implicating FANCD2 in the DNA damage response pathways in brain. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 32 (7). pp. 1186-1196. ISSN 0145-6008

Morris, Hannah V, Dawson, G R, Reynolds, D S, Atack, J R, Rosahl, T W and Stephens, David N (2008) Alpha2-containing GABAA receptors are involved in mediating stimulant effects of cocaine. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 90 (1). pp. 9-18. ISSN 0091-3057

Dixon, C I, Rosahl, T W and Stephens, D N (2008) Targeted deletion of the GABRA2 gene encoding a2-subunits of GABAA receptors facilitates performance of a conditioned emotional response, and abolishes anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 90 (1). pp. 1-8. ISSN 0091-3057

Mead, Andy N, Zamanillo, Daniel, Becker, Nadine and Stephens, David N (2007) AMPA-receptor GluR1 subunits are involved in the control over behavior by cocaine-paired cues. Neuropsychopharmacology, 32 (2). pp. 343-353. ISSN 0893-133X

Vlachou, Styliani, Nomikos, George G, Stephens, David N and Panagis, George (2007) Lack of rewarding effects of 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the intracranial self-stimulation and conditioned place preference paradigms. Behavioural Pharmacology, 18 (4). pp. 311-319. ISSN 0955-8810

Collinson, N, Atack, J R, Laughton, P, Dawson, G R and Stephens, D N (2006) An inverse agonist selective for a5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors improves encoding and recall but not consolidation in the Morris water maze. Psychopharmacology, 188 (4). pp. 619-628. ISSN 0033-3158

Le Merrer, Julie and Stephens, David N (2006) Food-induced behavioral sensitization, its cross-sensitization to cocaine and morphine, pharmacological blockade, and effect on food intake. Journal of Neuroscience, 26 (27). pp. 7163-7171. ISSN 0270-6474

Mead, A N, Morris, H V, Dixon, C I, Rulten, S L, Mayne, L V, Zamanillo, D and Stephens, D N (2006) AMPA receptor GluR2, but not GluR1 subunit deletion impairs emotional response conditioning in mice. Behavioral Neuroscience, 120 (2). pp. 241-8. ISSN 0735-7044

Rulten, S L, Ripley, T L, Hunt, C L, Stephens, D N and Mayne, L V (2006) Sp1 and NFkappaB pathways are regulated in brain in response to acute and chronic ethanol. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 5 (3). pp. 257-273. ISSN 1601-1848

Rulten, S L, Ripley, T L, Hunt, C L, Stephens, D N and Mayne, L V (2006) Sp1 and NFκB pathways are regulated in brain in response to acute and chronic ethanol. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 5 (3). pp. 257-273. ISSN 1601-1848

Morris, H V, Dawson, G R, Reynolds, D S, Atack, J R and Stephens, D N (2006) Both alpha 2 and alpha 3 GABA(A) receptor subtypes mediate the anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepine site ligands in the conditioned emotional response paradigm. European Journal of Neuroscience, 23 (9). pp. 2495-2504. ISSN 0953-816X

Ball, David, Pembrey, Marcus and Stephens, David N (2006) Genomics. In: Drugs and the future: brain science, addiction and society. Elsevier, London, pp. 89-132. ISBN 9780123706249 (hbk.)

Stephens, David N, Pistovkacova, Jana, Worthing, Lynn, Atack, John R and Dawson, Gerard R (2005) Role of GABAA α5-containing receptors in ethanol reward in the mouse: the effects of targeted gene deletion and a selective inverse agonist. European Journal of Pharmacology, 526 (1-3). pp. 240-250. ISSN 0014-2999

Jackson, Anne, Stephens, Dai and Duka, Theodora (2005) Gender differences in response to lorazepam in a human drug discrimination study. Psychopharmacology, 19 (6). pp. 614-619. ISSN 02698811

Allison, C, Pratt, J A, Ripley, T L and Stephens, D N (2005) α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor autoradiography in mouse brain after single and repeated withdrawal from diazepam. European Journal of Neuroscience, 21 (4). pp. 1045-1056. ISSN 0953-816X

Stephens, D N and Mead, A N (2004) Behavioural plasticity-induced changes in drug response. Commentary on Badiani and Robinson Drug-induced neurobehavioral plasticity: the role of environmental context. [Editorial]. Behavioural Pharmacology, 15 (5-6). pp. 377-380. ISSN 0955-8810

Horwood, Jennifer M, Ripley, Tamzin L and Stephens, David N (2004) Evidence for disrupted NMDA-receptor function in tissue plasminogen activator knockout mice. Behavioural Brain Research, 150 (1-2). pp. 127-138. ISSN 0166-4328

Duka, Theodora, Gentry, John, Malcolm, Robert, Ripley, Tamzin L, Borlikova, Gilyana, Stephens, Dai N, Veatch, Lynn M, Becker, Howard C and Crews, Fulton T (2004) Consequences of multiple withdrawal from alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 28 (2). pp. 233-246. ISSN 0145-6008

Mead, Andy and Stephens, Dai (2003) Involvement of AMPA receptor GluR2 subunits in stimulus reward learning: evidence from glutamate receptor gria 2 knockout mice. Journal of Neuroscience, 23 (29). pp. 9500-9507. ISSN 1529-2401

Duka, Theodora, Townshend, Julia M, Collier, Kirsty and Stephens, David N (2003) Impairment in cognitive function following multiple detoxifications in alcoholic inpatients. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 27 (10). pp. 1563-1572. ISSN 0145-6008

Jackson, Anne, Duka, Theodora and Stephens, David N (2003) Effects of alcohol and lorazepam during extinction of alcohol self-administration in rats. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 17 (3). pp. 293-299. ISSN 0269-8811

Ripley, Tamzin L, Brown, Geraldine, Dunworth, Sarah J and Stephens, David N (2003) Aversive conditioning following repeated withdrawal from ethanol and epileptic kindling. European Journal of Neuroscience, 17 (8). pp. 1664-1670. ISSN 0953-816X

Jackson, Anne, Stephens, David N and Duka, Theodora (2003) Lorazepam substitutes for the alcohol stimulus in social drinkers. Psychopharmacology, 166 (2). pp. 181-187. ISSN 0033-3158

Mead, Andy N and Stephens, David N (2003) Selective disruption of stimulus-reward learning in glutamate receptor gria 1 knockout mice. Journal of Neuroscience, 23 (3). pp. 1041-1048. ISSN 0270-6474

Stephens, David N and Mead, Andy N (2003) What role do GluR1 subunits play in drug abuse? Trends in Neurosciences, 26 (4). pp. 181-182. ISSN 0166-2236

Stephens, Dai, Mead, Andy and Ripley, Tamzin (2003) The contribution of genetically manipulated animals to the study of stimulant and alcohol addiction. In: Disorders of brain and mind 2. Cambridge University Press . ISBN 9780521004565

Ripley, Tamzin L, Dunworth, Sarah J and Stephens, David N (2002) Consequences of amygdala kindling and repeated withdrawal from ethanol on amphetamine-induced behaviours. European Journal of Neuroscience, 16 (6). pp. 1129-1138. ISSN 0953816X

Stephens, D N, Mead, A N and Ripley, T L (2002) Studying the neurobiology of stimulant and alcohol abuse and dependence in genetically manipulated mice. Behavioural Pharmacology, 13 (5-6). pp. 327-345. ISSN 0955-8810

Ripley, Tamzin L, Gadd, Christopher A, De Filipe, Carmen, Hunt, Stephen P and Stephens, David N (2002) Lack of self-administration and behavioural sensitisation to morphine, but not cocaine, in mice lacking NK1 receptors. Neuropharmacology, 43 (8). pp. 1258-1268. ISSN 0028-3908

Stephens, D N, Brown, G, Duka, T and Ripley, T L (2001) Impaired fear conditioning but enhanced seizure sensitivity in rats given repeated experience of withdrawal from alcohol. European Journal of Neuroscience, 14 (12). pp. 2023-2031. ISSN 0953-816X

Mead, Andy N and Stephens, David N (1999) Blockade of the expression of a place preference conditioned to amphetamine by an antagonist of the strynine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor but not by an AMPA receptorantagonist. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 290 (1). pp. 9-15. ISSN 0022-3565

Jackson, A, Mead, A N, Rocha, B A and Stephens, D N (1998) AMPA receptors and motivation for drug: effect of the selective antagonist NBQX on behavioural sensitisation and on self-administration in mice. Behavioural Pharmacology, 9 (5-6). pp. 457-467. ISSN 0955-8810

Ward, B O and Stephens, D N (1998) Sensitisation of withdrawal signs following repeated withdrawal from a benzodiazepine: differences between measures of anxiety and seizure sensitivity. Psychopharmacology, 135 (4). pp. 342-352. ISSN 0033-3158

Jackson, Anne, Brown, Geraldine and Stephens, David N (1996) N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionate (AMPA) glutamate-receptor antagonist have different interactionswith discriminative stimuli of abused drugs. Psychopharmacology, 128 (3). pp. 320-327. ISSN 0033-3158