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Authors	Zhang, XM; Zhou, Y; Adams, MP; Wang, F; Xu, SC; Wang, PM; Liu, P; Liu, XJ; Yue, SD
Author Full Name	Zhang, Xiaomei; Zhou, Yi; Adams, Matthew P.; Wang, Feng; Xu, Shaochun; Wang, Pengmei; Liu, Peng; Liu, Xujia; Yue, Shidong
Title	Plant morphology and seed germination responses of seagrass (Zostera japonica) to water depth and light availability in Ailian Bay, northern China
Source	MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Language	English
Document Type	Article
Author Keywords	Seagrass; Depth limit; Light requirement; Response; Growth cycle; Seedling recruitment; Methodology; In situ culture experiment; Restoration
Keywords Plus	MARINA L EELGRASS; TEMPORAL PATTERN; SWAN LAKE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; RESTORATION; SALINITY; LAGOON; L.; POPULATIONS
Abstract	Poor water quality and light reduction owing to anthropogenic impacts are the most widespread causes behind marine submerged angiosperm (seagrass) declines, worldwide. Seagrasses could respond to sustained environ-mental stresses, such as increasing water depth and light reduction, through morphological changes, particularly shoot density and/or biomass reductions. The seagrass Zostera japonica Asch. and Graebn. has been introduced to the Pacific Coast of North America, but it is widely threatened in its native northwestern Pacific Coast range alongside the east coast of China. The main aims of this study were to determine: 1) the depth limit of Z. japonica growth in its native range, and 2) how light availability affects the growth and recruitment of Z. japonica. To achieve these aims, we investigated the temporal responses of Z. japonica shoots and seeds from an intertidal donor site, Swan Lake, to light availability at water depths ranging from 1 to 6 m using in situ suspended cultures deployed in the experimental site, Ailian Bay, off the coast of Weihai City, China. The results showed that the transplanted Z. japonica shoots and seeds could survive for the duration of their annual growth cycle, permanently underwater, at a depth <= 2 m. There was a significant inverse relationship between water depth and time to complete shoot loss, despite temporally varying water clarity levels. Due to the local turbidity of the waters in Ailian Bay, a depth of 2 m yielded sufficient light deprivation (5%-37% surface irradiance) to negatively affect the seagrass shoot density. Our results suggest that this intertidal species can potentially persist in shallow subtidal areas following transplantation with shoots and seeds. The findings may also serve as useful information for local seagrass distribution limits, and will facilitate their habitat establishment and restoration efforts.
Author Address	[Zhang, Xiaomei; Zhou, Yi; Wang, Feng; Xu, Shaochun; Wang, Pengmei; Liu, Peng; Liu, Xujia; Yue, Shidong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, CAS Key Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Xiaomei; Zhou, Yi] Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao 266237, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Xiaomei; Zhou, Yi] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Ocean Mega Sci, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Xiaomei; Zhou, Yi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, CAS Engn Lab Marine Ranching, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China; [Adams, Matthew P.] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Math Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia; [Adams, Matthew P.] Univ Queensland, Sch Chem Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; [Wang, Feng; Xu, Shaochun; Wang, Pengmei; Liu, Peng; Liu, Xujia; Yue, Shidong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
Reprint Address	Zhou, Y (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, CAS Key Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China.
E-mail Address	zhangxiaomei@qdio.ac.cn; yizhou@qdio.ac.cn; mp.adams@qut.edu.au
ResearcherID Number	Liu, Peng/AAC-4167-2021; Zhou, Yi/F-4219-2011
ORCID Number	Liu, Peng/0000-0002-3347-649X; Zhou, Yi/0000-0001-7300-0173; Xiaomei, zhang/0000-0002-6530-3825
Funding Agency and Grant Number	National Key R&D Program of China [2019YFD0901300]; National Science & Technology Basic Work Program [2015FY110600]; Key Research Project of Frontier Sciences of CAS [QYZDB-SSW-DQC041-1]; CPSF-CAS Joint Foundation for Excellent Postdoctoral Fellows [2016LH0032]; China Postdoctoral Science FoundationChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2016M600562]; Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province [2017GHY15111]; Taishan Scholars Program (Distinguished Taishan Scholars); 2017 Australia-China Young Scientists Exchange Program
Funding Text	We would like to thank Yicheng Li, Hongrong Wang, and Jingtai Wang for their help in the field survey. This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFD0901300), the National Science & Technology Basic Work Program (2015FY110600), the Key Research Project of Frontier Sciences of CAS (QYZDB-SSW-DQC041-1), the CPSF-CAS Joint Foundation for Excellent Postdoctoral Fellows (2016LH0032), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M600562), the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province (2017GHY15111), and the Taishan Scholars Program (Distinguished Taishan Scholars). MPA's contribution was funded by the 2017 Australia-China Young Scientists Exchange Program.
Times Cited	3
Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD)	3
Publisher	ELSEVIER SCI LTD
Publisher City	OXFORD
Publisher Address	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
ISSN	0141-1136
29-Character Source Abbreviation	MAR ENVIRON RES
ISO Source Abbreviation	Mar. Environ. Res.
Publication Date	DEC
Year Published	2020
Volume	162
Article Number	105082
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105082
Page Count	13
Web of Science Category	Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
Subject Category	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
Document Delivery Number	OU1BG
Unique Article Identifier	WOS:000591269700001
Plants associated with this reference	Zostera japonica Zostera marina