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| Authors | Azaizeh, H; Halahleh, F; Abbas, N; Markovics, A; Muklada, H; Ungar, ED; Landau, SY |
| Author Full Name | Azaizeh, H.; Halahleh, F.; Abbas, N.; Markovics, A.; Muklada, H.; Ungar, E. D.; Landau, S. Y. |
| Title | Polyphenols from Pistacia lentiscus and Phillyrea latifolia impair the exsheathment of gastro-intestinal nematode larvae |
| Source | VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY |
| Language | English |
| Document Type | Article |
| Author Keywords | Gastro-intestinal nematode; Larval exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA); Polyphenols; Pistacia lentiscus; Phillyrea latifolia |
| Keywords Plus | PARASITIC NEMATODES; IN-VITRO; CONDENSED TANNINS; INFECTIVE LARVAE; IDENTIFICATION; FOLIAGE; LEAVES; PLANTS; GOATS |
| Abstract | The infection of grazing ruminants with gastro-intestinal nematodes (GINS) is a severe problem in the Middle East. However, goats that graze the south-western slopes of the Carmel Heights in Israel have very low faecal egg counts, despite high grazing density. We hypothesized that polyphenols from Pistacia lentiscus L. and/or Phillyrea latifolia L. - both prevalent woody species of the region that are consumed by goats - have anthelmintic bioactivity. We tested this hypothesis by using the larval exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA). Extracts were prepared from leaves of either plant species using 70% ethanol (E70), 100% ethanol (El 00), or boiling water (W). Larvae were incubated in a phosphate-buffered saline solution with or without plant extract (1200 mu g/ml) and then exposed to an exsheathment solution expected to elicit 100% exsheathment after one hour. All extraction methods of P. lentiscus were highly effective at inhibiting larval exsheathment, but higher potency was found for the E70 than for E100 extraction method, while W was intermediate. Only the E70 extract of P. latifolia was highly effective relative to the control. The E70 extract of P. lentiscus had more than 7 times the potency of the E70 extract of P. latifolia. Irrespective of solvent and tannin-equivalent used, P. lentiscus contained more than double the quantity of total polyphenols than P. latifolia. The polyphenols of P. lentiscus consisted mainly of galloyl derivatives (63.6%), flavonol glucosides (28.6%), and catechin (7.8%). In P. latifolia, oleuropein and its derivative tyrosol accounted for 49.3 and 23.1% of phenolics, respectively, the remainder being flavones (luteolin and quercetin) and their glucoside derivatives. Results of the LEIA test suggest that extracts of tannin-rich plants interfere with the very early stage of host invasion and that high concentration of galloylated derivatives may explain anthelmintic activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Author Address | [Azaizeh, H.; Halahleh, F.; Abbas, N.] Univ Haifa, Inst Appl Res, Galilee Soc, IL-20200 Shefa Amr, Israel; [Azaizeh, H.] Tel Hai Coll, IL-12208 Upper Galilee, Israel; [Markovics, A.] Kimron Vet Inst, Dept Parasitol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel; [Muklada, H.; Ungar, E. D.; Landau, S. Y.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Dept Agron & Nat Resources, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel |
| Reprint Address | Azaizeh, H (corresponding author), Univ Haifa, Inst Appl Res, Galilee Soc, POB 437, IL-20200 Shefa Amr, Israel. |
| E-mail Address | hazaizi@gal-soc.org |
| Funding Agency and Grant Number | Ministry of Science of Israel [3-5358] |
| Funding Text | We thank the Ministry of Science of Israel for partial funding of this study in the framework of Regional Research and Development programs (project code 3-5358). |
| Times Cited | 28 |
| Total Times Cited Count (WoS, BCI, and CSCD) | 30 |
| Publisher | ELSEVIER |
| Publisher City | AMSTERDAM |
| Publisher Address | RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS |
| ISSN | 0304-4017 |
| 29-Character Source Abbreviation | VET PARASITOL |
| ISO Source Abbreviation | Vet. Parasitol. |
| Publication Date | JAN 16 |
| Year Published | 2013 |
| Volume | 191 |
| Issue | 1-2 |
| Beginning Page | 44 |
| Ending Page | 50 |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.08.016 |
| Page Count | 7 |
| Web of Science Category | Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences |
| Subject Category | Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences |
| Document Delivery Number | 054PF |
| Unique Article Identifier | WOS:000312355000007 |
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