A MARX BIBLIOGRAPHY

(with sections on the Young Hegelians and 20th-century Marxists)

 

This selective bibliography is mainly of English-language material, although some items in French and German are also listed. Printed out, the bibliography is about 40 pages long.

 

Navigation: The bibliography is all on one page. After the list of contents, it is divided into 9 main sections, each with up to 20 headings. Each heading is preceded by ‘@’ plus a space. To find a heading, use the ‘find’ facility on your browser, entering ‘@’ + space + the first words of the heading. To return to the top of the page, press Ctrl-Home.

 

[ ] = date of writing or original publication    * = recommended    + = introductory

 

Please e-mail suggestions for additions or improvements to Andrew Chitty, University of Sussex, England (home page)

 

Other useful bibliographies:

 Economarx bibliography, published by Actuel Marx

 Marx and Philosophy Society list of recent books

 PhilPapers Karl Marx bibliography of online papers

 

Last updated 26 Dec 2009

 

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Contents

 

1. GENERAL

E-texts

Collections of Marx and Engels' works

Marx's most important writings

Introductions to Marx

Biographies of Marx

Commentaries on Marx's work as a whole

Bibliographies of works on Marx

Collections of articles on Marx

Journals of Marx and Marxism studies

 

2. PRECURSORS AND DEVELOPMENT (1837-46)

Influences on Marx's development: general

Aristotle and Marx: general

Spinoza and Marx

Liberalism and Marx

Rousseau and Marx

Kant and Marx     

Fichte and Marx

Hegel and Marx: general

Hegel: Marx’s critiques of Hegel’s philosophy as a whole

Savigny (and the historical school of law): general

Savigny on possession

Savigny and Hegel

Savigny and the Young Hegelians

Savigny and Marx, Marx on the history of law

Stahl

Gans

Pre-Marxist socialism and Marx

Utopianism in Marx

Young Hegelians: general

Young Hegelians: politics

Young Hegelians and Marx: general

Heine and Marx

Strauss

Cieszkowski and Marx

Bauer and Marx

Ruge and Marx

Feuerbach: links

Feuerbach: texts

Feuerbach's philosophy in general

Feuerbach and Hegel

Feuerbach and religion

Feuerbach's anthropology,  species-being and anti-individualism in Feuerbach

Feuerbach's political thought, his humanism and civic humanism

Feuerbach and Marx

Feuerbach and Stirner

Stirner

Stirner and Marx

Hess and Marx

Proudhon and Marx

Marx's early development as a whole (1837-46)

Early political writings as a whole (1842-46)

State in the early political writings (1837-46)

Law in the early political writings (1837-46)

Letter to his father (1837)

Doctoral Dissertation (and preparatory notebooks) (1839-41): general

Doctoral dissertation (and preparatory notebooks): political interpretations

Rheinische Zeitung articles (1842-43)

Critique of Hegel's Doctrine of the State ('Kreuznach manuscript') (1843)

On the Jewish Question (1843)

Separation of state and civil society

French Revolution in Marx

Democracy in the early Marx

Politics and the political in Marx

Judaism and Marx

Religion and Marx, Christianity and Marx

Non-Christian religions and Marx

Marxist sociology of religion

Religious and mythological themes in Marx's thought

 

3. SPECIES-BEING AND ALIENATION (1844)

Economic and Philosphical Manuscripts and Notes on James Mill: general

Economic and Philosphical Manuscripts and Notes on James Mill: text-critical accounts and reception histories

Economic theory in the 1844 writings

Human nature in Marx: general

Species-being: the concept

Species-being as self-creation, Marx and the posthuman and transhuman

Species-being and consciousness

Species-being as a normative ground, humanism , civic humanism and human flourishing  in Marx

Species-being: sources for the idea in thinkers other than Feuerbach

Labour in Marx

Unalienated labour and the 'abolition of labour' in Marx

Labour in Marx: influential critiques

Labour: histories of the idea

Labour in Ruskin and Morris

Labour: contemporary discussions

Needs in Marx

Needs and desires (in general)

Alienation in Marx's early writings: general accounts

Phenomenology of Spirit and Marx

Alienation: sources for Marx's concept in other thinkers (religious thinkers, Fichte, Feuerbach)

Alienation as a psychological condition

Psychoanalysis and Marx

Alienation as collective self-subordination, autonomisation, inversion in the early writings

Exchange as source of alienation

Species-being and alienation in Marx's later writings, the 'epistemological break' debate

Species-being and alienation in value theory

Alienation-based accounts of the later Marx

Property in the early Marx

Egoism, identity, subject and subjectification in Marx

History in the early writings (1837-44)

Habermas's critique of Marx

Ecology and Marx: general

Anthropocentrism and the mastery of nature

Animals

Malthus and Marx

Art in Marx

 

4. MATERIALISM AND PRAXIS (MAINLY 1845-46)

Marx's view of philosophy, theory and practice

Philosophy of Marx

Materialism in Marx, Marx's metaphysics and philosophy of nature

Theses on Feuerbach, the concept of praxis in Marx

Epistemology of Marx

 

5. HISTORY AND IDEOLOGY (MAINLY 1845-48)

Theory of history: texts

Theory of history: introductions

Theory of history: fuller discussions

Theory of history: class-struggle centred interpretations

Teleology in Marx's theory of history, history as human self-realisation

Theory of history: method

Determinism, inevitability and agency in Marx’s theory of history

Historical and ontological materialism

Pre-capitalist societies

Productive forces and social relations of production

Social relations of production and property relations, the problem of legality

Functionalist accounts of Marx's theory of historical change

Methodological individualist criticism of functionalist explanation in Marxism

Rational choice approaches to the problem of transition between epochs

National and religious identity in historical materialism

International and intranational competition in Marx's theory of history

Weakened versions of historical materialism

Ideology and 'false consciousness' in Marx

Ideology since Marx

Moral progress in historical materialism

Sociological materialism

Marx's historiography (mainly of the 1848 revolutions and Paris Commune)

Communist Manifesto

Colonialism and imperialism

Soviet Union: Marxist analyses

 

6. CAPITAL

Capital: introductions

Grundrisse and the 1861-63 Manuscript

General accounts of Marx's economics

Historical vs. transhistorical categories in Capital

Commodity and value-form

Abstract labour and concrete labour

Abstract and concrete in Marx (in general)    

Abstraction as a feature of capitalism, real abstraction

Use-value

Fetishism and reification in Marx

Fetishism and hypostatisation

Fetishism and idolatry

Fetishism: its effects on political agency

Money: in Marx, Marxists and others

Capital: the concept

Capital in general and many capitals

Transition from money to capital (C-M-C to M-C-M)

Money, capital and God

Emergence and development of capitalism

Capital as subject, inversion in the later works, spectres and possession in Marx

Subsumption

Immiseration (the ‘iron law of wages’) and the industrial reserve army

Crisis tendencies in capitalism

Method of Capital : general

Method of Capital: logical vs. historical development and the idea of simple commodity production

Method of Capital: 'successive approximations' interpretations

Method of Capital: Hegelian interpretations

Homology thesis

Logic of essence in Capital

Logic of the concept in Capital (and elsewhere in Marx)

Philosophy of Right and Capital

Dialectical exposition and dialectical method in general, Marx's conception of science

Critique of political economy and of capitalism in Marx

Labour theory of value (i.e. quantitative aspects of value and labour): general

Labour theory of value: the 'third thing' argument and Marx's critique of Bailey

Labour theory of value: the 'labour allocation' argument

Labour theory of value: the 'equalisation in exchange' argument

Transformation problem: in general

Transformation problem: the Foley-Duménil interpretation

Transformation problem: the 'single system' approaches

Exploitation theory of profit, the 'fundamental Marxian theorem'

 

7. STATE AND LAW

Marx's political thought as a whole

Modern state in Marx: general

Law in Marx: general

Natural law, rule of law, and Marx

Rights and Marx

Law, rights  and socialism

Crime

Pashukanis and the commodity-form account of law

History of law

Anarchism and Marx

Nationalism in Marx and Engels

Nationalism and Marxism

 

8. ETHICS AND CRITIQUE

Ethics and Marx: general

Critique in Marx

Justice and Marx

Radical injustice, and justice as community

Exploitation in Marx

Exploitation in contemporary political philosophy

Exploitation and self-ownership (Nozick and Cohen)

Exploitation: Roemer-Wright accounts of exploitation and class

Rawls and Marx

Community, individuality and self-realisation as ideals in Marx

Recognition and Marx

Recognition in Marxist historiography

Freedom as an ideal in Marx

Freedom and unfreedom in capitalism

Modernism in Marx

Kantian ethics and Marx

Kantian socialism

Aristotle's ethics and politics and Marx

Critique of morality and humanism in later Marx

 

  PROLETARIAT, REVOLUTION AND COMMUNISM

Class

Proletariat

Class consciousness and revolutionary subjectivity

Communist consciousness

Rational choice approaches to class action and class consciousness

Class struggle as a moral struggle

Revolutionary party, its role and tactics

Democracy in Marx in general, dictatorship of the proletariat

Communism: general

Communism as emergent of out of capitalism

Communism: withering away of the state

Communism: abolition of the the division of labour

 

9. 20TH CENTURY MARXISM

Weber and Marx

20th Century Marxism: histories and commentaries

20th century Marxism: philosophy  

20th century Marxism: dialectical materialism, dialectics of nature, and dialectical method

20th century Marxism: praxis-based epistemology and ontology

20th century Marxism: the state

Engels

Kautsky

Lenin: philosophical and theoretical writings

Lenin: commentary

Lenin and Hegel

Trotsky: texts

Trotsky: commentary

Trotsky: biographies and political histories

Trotsky: bibliographies

Lukacs: texts

Lukacs: general

Lukacs: reification, alienation and rationalisation

Korsch

Gramsci

Sohn-Rethel

Critical theory, critical social theory

Immanent critique and internal criticism

Frankfurt School: collections of texts

Frankfurt School: key writings by main figures and their interlocutors 1923-1937

Frankfurt School: histories and commentaries

Frankfurt School on nature and ecology

Frankfurt School and political economy

Bloch

Horkheimer and the pre-war idea of a critical theory

Emancipation from history

Adorno: texts

Adorno: commentary

Adorno and the post-war critique of instrumental reason

Adorno and reification, fetishism

Adorno on identity thinking, Ursprungsphilosophie, ideology and ethics

Adorno and psychoanalysis

Marcuse

Labour in Marcuse and the Frankfurt School

Sartre's Marxism

Althusser: general

Althusser on ideology, recognition and selfhood, interpellation

Praxis group

Ilyenkov (Il'enkov)

Ilyenkov on the ideal

Dunayevskaya

Debord, Vaneigem and situationism

Analytical Marxism

Rational choice Marxism

Autonomist Marxism and Operaismo

Japanese Marxism, including Uno school

Critical realism and Marx

Post-Marxism and radical democracy, Laclau and Mouffe

Anti-capitalist movement and Marx

Postmodernism and Marx

 

10. SUBSEQUENT PHILOSOPHERS AND MARX

Kierkegaard and Marx

Phenomenology and Marx

Heidegger and Marx

Arendt and Marx

Simone Weil and Marx

Wittgenstein and Marx

Castoriadis and Marx

Postmodernism and Marx

Derrida and Marx

Habermas and Marx

Alasdair MacIntyre and Marx

Feminism and Marx

 

––––––––

 

@ 1. GENERAL

 

@ E-texts

   The Marx/Engels internet archive has most of Marx's works in English. The cross-language section has links to his works in German and many other languages

   The MLWerke site has the best collection of Marx's texts in German. See also the Projekt Gutenberg-DE Marx archive

   The German text of the Grundrisse is available at http://www.hkwm.de/inkrit/framu/bibliothek/grundrisse/MEW42.PDF

 

@ Collections of Marx and Engels' works

   Marx-Engels Werke, Berlin: Dietz, 1956- (40 volumes)

   Karl Marx: Early Writings, (ed.) L. Colletti, Penguin

   Karl Marx: Early Texts, (ed.) D. McLellan

   Karl Marx: Early Writings, (ed.) T. Bottomore

   Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Collected Works, Lawrence and Wishart, 1975- (Some 30 volumes)

   Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Selected Works in Three Volumes, Moscow (from 1845 only)

   Karl Marx: Selected Writings, (ed.) D. McLellan (Key texts, but by different translators)

 

@ Marx's most important writings

   (With date of composition)

   Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right [1843] (in collections of early works)

   On the Jewish Question [1843] (in collections of early works)

   Contribution to a Critique Hegel's Philosophy of Right: Introduction (the '1843 Introduction')

   Notes on James Mill [1844] (also known as Excerpt-notes of 1844 etc.) (in collections of early works)

   Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts [1844] (in collections of early works)

   Theses on Feuerbach [1845] (included in editions of The German Ideology)

   The German Ideology (with Engels) [1845-46], ch. 1 'Feuerbach', in Marx and Engels: Collected Works Vol. 5 (or, with sections of the chapter variously reordered: in Marx and Engels: Selected Works in Three Volumes, in C.J. Arthur (ed.) The German Ideology, and in R. Pascal (ed.) The German Ideology)

   Letter to Annenkov [1846] (in most collections of selected works)

   The Poverty of Philosophy [1846-47]

   Wage-Labour and Capital [1847]

   The Communist Manifesto (with Engels) [1847-48], parts 1 and 2

   The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte [1852]

   Grundrisse [1857-58]

   A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy [1859] (The '1859 Preface' to this is in editions of Marx and Engels' selected works)

   Theories of Surplus Value, 3 volumes [1863]

   Urtext of Capital [1861-63]

   Value, Price and Profit [1865] (German edition published as Wages Price and Profit )

   Capital Vol. 1 [pub. 1867] tr. B. Fowkes, Penguin (or tr. S. Moore and E. Aveling, Lawrence and Wishart, or abridged as Capital: A Student Edition, (ed.) C.J. Arthur)

   Capital  Vol. 1 (first edition) ch. 1 'The commodity', and appendix 'The value-form', in S. Mohun (ed.) Debates in Value Theory 1994; also (less well translated) in A. Dragstedt tr. Value: Studies by Marx 1976; the appendix alone is translated by M. Roth and W. Suchting in Capital & Class 4, Spring 1978

   The Civil War in France [1871]

   Critique of the Gotha Programme [1875], secs. 1-2 (in collections of selected works)

   Ethnological Notebooks [1879-80], (ed.) L. Krader

   Notes on Wagner [1881] (in Theoretical Practice 5, Spring 1972; T. Carver (ed.) Karl Marx: Texts on Method; and A. Dragstedt (ed.) Value: Studies by Marx)

 

@ Introductions to Marx

   Marx and Engels [1848] The Communist Manifesto, parts 1 and 2, in collections of selected works

* McLellan, D. (1971) The Thought of Karl Marx, 3rd  ed. 1995

   McLellan, D. (1975) Marx, Fontana Modern Masters

   Singer, P. (1980) Marx, Pastmasters, reissued as Marx: A Very Short Introduction, 2001 [4]

   McCarney, J. (1990) Social Theory and the Crisis of Marxism, chs. 6-8

   Hindess, B. (1995) 'Marxism' in Goodin and Pettit (eds.) A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy

   Eagleton, T. (1997) Marx, The Great Philosphers (sometimes listed with the title Marx and Freedom

   Wolff, J. (2003) Why Read Marx Today?

   Collier, A. (2004) Marx

   Osborne, P. (2005) How to Read Marx

 

@ Biographies of Marx

   (Also discussions of his personal psychology)

* Mehring, F. [1918] Karl Marx: The Story of His Life, tr. E. Fitzgerald 1936

   Berlin, I. (1939) Karl Marx: His Life and Environment

* Cornu, A. (1958) Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels: Leur vie et leur oeuvre, 3 vols

   Rubel, M. (1957) Karl Marx: Essai de biographie intellectuelle

   McLellan, D. (1971) Karl Marx: His Life and Thought

   Seigel, J. E. (1972-73) 'Marx's early development: vocation, rebellion, and realism', Journal of Interdisciplinary History 3

   Seigel, J. (1978) Marx's Fate: The Shape of a Life

   Reiss, E. (1996) 'Nothing human should be alien to Marx', Imprints 1(2)

   Wheen, F. (1999) Karl Marx

 

@ Commentaries on Marx's work as a whole

   Lichtheim, G. (1961) Marxism

   Avineri, S. (1968) The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx

   Kolakowski, L. (1978) Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1: The Founders

   Wood, A. (1981) Karl Marx, 2nd ed. 2004

   Bottomore, T. (ed.) (1983) Dictionary of Marxist Thought, 2nd ed. 1991

   Elster, J. (1985) Making Sense of Marx

 

@ Bibliographies of works on Marx

* McLellan, D. (1971) The Thought of Karl Marx, 2nd ed. 1980

   Teeple, G. (1984) Marx's Critique of Politics 1842-1847

 

@ Collections of articles on Marx

   Bottomore, T. (ed.) (1973) Karl Marx, 2nd ed. 1979

   Mepham, J. and Ruben, D.-H. (eds.) (1979-81) Issues in Marxist Philosophy, 4 vols

   Parkinson, G.H.R. (ed.) (1982) Marx and Marxisms

   Ball, T. and Farr, J. (eds.) (1984) After Marx

   Cowling, M. and Wilde, L. (eds.) (1989) Approaches to Marx

   Jessop, B. and Malcolm-Brown, C. (eds.) (1990) Karl Marx's Social and Political Thought: Critical Assessments, 4 vols

   Carver, T. (ed.) (1991) The Cambridge Companion to Marx

   Bonefeld, W. et al. (eds.) (1992) Open Marxism, 2 vols

   Panasiuk, R. and Nowak, L. (1998) Marx's Theories Today

   Meikle, S. (ed.) (2002) Marx, International Library of Critical Essays in the History of Philosophy

   Uchida, H. (ed.) (2006) Marx for the 21st Century

   Bellofiore, R. and Fineschi, R. (eds.) (2009) Re-reading Marx: New Perspectives after the Critical Edition

   Chitty, A. and McIvor, M. (ed.s) (2009) Karl Marx and Contemporary Philosophy

 

@ Journals of Marx and Marxism studies

   Studies in Marxism

   Historical Materialism

   Marx Actuel

 

@ 2. PRECURSORS AND DEVELOPMENT (1837-46)

 

@ Influences on Marx's development: general

   Cornu, A. (1957) The Origins Of Marxian Thought

   Kolakowski, L. (1978) Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1: The Founders, first chapters

 

@ Aristotle and Marx: general

   (See also 'Aristotle's ethics and politics and Marx')

   Lobkowicz, N. (1967) Theory and Practice: History of a Concept from Aristotle to Marx

   Gould, C. (1978) Marx's Social Ontology: Individuality and Community in Marx's Theory of Social Reality, ch. 1 'The ontology of society'

   Meikle, S. (1985) Essentialism in the Thought of Karl Marx

   McCarthy, G.E. (1990) Marx and the Ancients: Nineteenth Century German Social Theory and Classical Antiquity

   McCarthy, G.E. (ed.) (1992) Marx and Aristotle: Nineteenth-Century German Thought and Classical Antiquity

   Pike, J.E. (1999) From Aristotle to Marx: Aristotelianism in Marxist Social Ontology

 

@ Spinoza and Marx

   Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus

   Hull, G. (2000) 'Marx's anomalous reading of Spinoza', Interpretation 28(1)

 

@ Liberalism and Marx

   (See also 'Rights and the rule of law')

   Blackburn, R. (ed.) (1991) After the Fall: The Failure of Communism and the Future of Socialism

 

@ Rousseau and Marx

   Rotenstreich, N. (1949) 'Between Rousseau and Marx', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 9

   Della Volpe (1957) Rousseau and Marx, tr. 1987

   Meszaros, I. (1970) Marx's Theory of Alienation,  pp. 48-61, 99-107

   Althusser, L. [1970] article on Rousseau in his Politics and History: Montesquieu, Rousseau, Hegel, Marx 1972

   Lecercle, J.-L. (1982) 'Rousseau et Marx', in R.A. Leigh (ed.) Rousseau After Two Hundred Years (and discussion by R. Wokler)

   Wokler, R. (1983) 'Rousseau and Marx', in D. Miller and L. Siedentop eds., The Nature of Political Theory

   Levine, A. (1993) The General Will: Rousseau, Marx and Communism

   Leopold, D. (2007) The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and Human Flourishing, pp. 262-271

 

@ Kant and Marx               

   (For Rawls see 'Rawls and Marx')

   Adler, M. (1925) Kant und der Marxismus

   Kamenka, E. (1962) The Ethical Foundations of Marxism, 2nd ed. 1972, also available online

   Kamenka, E. (1969) Marxism and Ethics

   Kolakowski, L. (1978) Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 2, ch. on  'Kantians in the Marxian movement'

   Levine, A. (1978) 'Alienation as heteronomy', Philosophical Forum 8, pp. 256-268

   Howard, D. (1981) 'The politics of modernism: from Marx to Kant', Philosophy and Social Criticism 8(4)

   Hoffman, P. (1982) The Anatomy of Idealism: Passivity and Activity in Kant, Hegel and Marx

   Howard, D. (1985) From Marx to Kant

   McCarthy, G. (1985) 'Development of the concept and method of critique in Kant, Hegel, and Marx', Studies in Soviet Thought (now Studies in East European Thought) 30(1)

   Kain, P.J. (1986) 'The young Marx and Kantian ethics', Studies in Soviet Thought (now Studies in East European Thought) 31(4)

   Kain, P.J. (1988) Marx and Ethics, chs. 1-2

   Nielsen, K. (1989) Marxism and the Moral Point of View: Morality, Ideology and Historical Materialism, chs. 11-12

   Booth, W.J. (1993) 'The limits of autonomy: Karl Marx's Kant critique' in R. Beiner and W.J. Booth (eds.) Kant and Political Philosophy: The Contemporary Legacy

   Woei Lien Chong (1999). 'Combining Marx with Kant: the philosophical anthropology of Li Zehou', Philosophy East and West 49(2)

   Karatani, K. (2003) Transcritique: On Kant and Marx

   Negt, O. (2003) Kant und Marx: Ein Epochengesprach

   Psychopedis, K. and Bonefeld, W. (eds.) (2005) Human Dignity: Social Autonomy and the Critique of Capitalism

 

@ Fichte and Marx

   Garaudy, R. [1965] Karl Marx: The Evolution of his Thought, tr. 1967

   Mader, J. (1968) Fichte, Feuerbach, Marx (in German)

   Becker, F.J.E. (1972) Freiheit und Entfremdung bei Fichte, Marx und in der kritischen Theorie, University of Cologne dissertation

   Rockmore, T. (1980) Fichte, Marx and the German Philosphical Tradition

 

@ Hegel and Marx: general

   (For more specific aspects see ‘Hegel: Marx’s critiques of hegel’s philosophy as a whole’, 'Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1843)', 'Method of Capital: Hegelian interpretations', 'Logic of essence in Capital' and  'Logic of the concept in Capital')

   (For alienation in Hegel vs. in Marx see 'A Hegel bibliography: 'Alienation and externalisation in Hegel')

   (See the Hegel's critics page of the Marxist Internet Archive for a collection of online appreciations and critiques of Hegel by Marxists)

   Engels, F. [1886] Ludwig Feuerbach and the Outcome of Classical German Philosophy

   Cooper, R. (1925) The Logical Influence of Hegel on Marx

   Marcuse, H. (1941) Reason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory

   Lukacs, G. [1948] The Young Hegel: Studies in the Relations Between Dialectics and Economics, tr. 1975, esp. chapter on 'Work and the problem of teleology'

   Habermas, J. [1968] Knowledge and Human Interests, ch. 2

   Colletti, L. [1969] Marxism and Hegel, tr. 1973

   Althusser, L. [1965] For Marx, tr. 1969

   Althusser, L. [1970] 'Marx's relation to Hegel' in his Politics and History: Montesquieu, Rousseau, Hegel, Marx 1972

   Arthur, C.J. (1986) Dialectics of Labour: Marx and his Relation to Hegel, available online

   McCarney, J. (1990) Social Theory and the Crisis of Marxism, ch. 6 'The standpoint of evaluation'

   Boger, G. (1991) 'On the materialist appropriation of Hegel's dialectical method', Science and Socieety 55(1)

   Rosenthal, J. (1998) The Myth of Dialectics: Reinterpreting the Hegel-Marx Relation

   Burns, T. and Fraser, I. (eds.) (2000) The Hegel-Marx Connection

   Fine, R. (2001) 'The Marx-Hegel relationship: revisionist interpretations', Capital & Class 75

   Postone, M. (2003) 'Lukacs and the dialectical critique of capitalism', section 3, in R. Albritton and J. Simoulidis (eds.) New Dialectics and Political Economy

   Levine, N. (2006) Divergent Paths: Hegel in Marxism and Engelsism

 

@ Hegel: Marx’s critiques of Hegel’s philosophy as a whole

   (For Marx’s critique of Hegel’s political philosphy see , 'Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1843)'

   Marx [1844] Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, 'Critique of Hegel's dialectic'

   Marx and Engels [1844] The Holy Family. secs. on 'The mystery of speculative construction', 'Spirit and mass'

   Marx [1847] The Poverty of Philosophy, ch. 2 'The metaphysics of political economy', sec. 1 'The method'

   Marx [1873] Afterword to 1873 edition of Capital volume 1

   Arthur, C.J. (1986) Dialectics of Labour: Marx and his Relation to Hegel, chs. 4-6, available online

   McCarney, J. (1999) 'Hegel's legacy', Res Publica 5(2), reprinted in T. Burns and I. Fraser (eds.) The Hegel-Marx Connection, 2000

   McCarney, J. (2009) ‘”The entire mystery”: Marx’s understanding of Hegel’, in A. Chitty and M. McIvor (eds) Karl Marx and Contemporary Philosphy

 

@ Savigny (and the historical school of law): general

   (with thanks to James Furner)

   Savigny, F.K. von (1802-03) Juristische Methodenlehre, (ed.) G. Wesenberg 1951 (Savigny's 1802-03 Marburg lecture notes)

   Savigny, F.K. von (1803) Abhandlung des Lehre vom Besitz, 2nd and subsequent editions as Das Recht des Besitzes, 7th (ed.) 1865, tr. E. Perry as Von Savigny's Treatise on Possession, or the Jus Possessionis of the Civil Law

   Hugo, G. (1809) Lehrbuch des Naturrechts als einer Philosophie des positiven Rechts, esp. introductory chapter on 'Juristische Anthropologie'

* Savigny, F.K. von (1814) Zum Beruf unser Zeit für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft, 3rd (ed.) 1840, tr. A. Hayward as On the Vocation of our Age for Legislation and Jurisprudence 1831, extract in Lloyd, Introduction to Jurisprudence 1994

   Savigny, F.K. von (1815) 'Über den Zweck dieser Zeitschrift', Zeitschrift für geschichtliche Rechtswissenschaft 1

   Savigny, F.K. von (1815-31) Geschichte des römischen Rechts im Mittelalter (Vol. 1 tr. E. Cathcart as The History of the Roman Law during the Middle Ages)

   Savigny, F.K. von (1840-49) System des heutigen Römischen Rechts, 8 vols. (Vol. 1 tr. W. Holloway as System of the Modern Roman Law, 1867; Vol. 2 tr. W. H. Rattigan as Jural Relations: or The Roman law of Persons as Subjects of Jural Relations, 1884)

   Jhering, R. von (1852) Der Geist des Römischen Rechts, preface, tr.as 'The value of the Roman law to the modern world', Virginia Law Journal 4, pp. 453-464, 1880

   Kantorowicz, H. (1937) 'Savigny and the historical school of law', Law Quarterly Review 53, pp. 326-343

   Wieacker, F. (1952) Privatrechtsgeschichte der Neuzeit, 2nd ed.1967

   Allen, C.K. (1958) Law in the Making

   Jones, J. (1970) 'The historical school of law and codes', in his Historical Introduction to the Theory of Law

   Blühdorn, J. (1973) 'Natturrechtkritik und "Philosophie des Postiven Rechts" zur Begründung der Jurisprudenz als positiver Fachwissenshaft durch Gustav Hugo', Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 41, pp. 3-17

+ Pollack, E. (1979) Juripsrudence, section on Savigny

+ Stein, P. (1980) Legal Evolution: The Story of an Idea, ch. 3 'The German historical school of law'

+ Dias, R. (1985) Jurisprudence, section on Savigny

   Toews, J.E. (1989) 'The immanent genesis and transcendent goal of law: Savigny, Stahl and the ideology of the Christian German state', American Journal of Comparitive Law 37, pp. 139-169

   Whitman, J.Q. (1990) The Legacy of Roman Law in the German Romantic Era

+ Curzon, L.B. (1998) 'Savigny, the Volksgeist and historical jurisprudence', Student Law Review 23, pp. 54-56

 

@ Savigny on possession

   Savigny, F.K. von (1803) Abhandlung des Lehre vom Besitz, 2nd and subsequent editions as Das Recht des Besitzes, 7th (ed.) 1865, tr. E. Perry as Von Savigny's Treatise on Possession, or the Jus Possessionis of the Civil Law

   Brutti, M. (1976-77) 'L'intuizione della proprietà nel systema dui Savigny', Quaderni Fiorentini 5-6:1, pp. 41-103

 

@ Savigny and Hegel

   (See 'A Hegel bibliography: 'Savigny and Hegel')

 

@ Savigny and the Young Hegelians

   (See also 'Right and law in the early political writings (1837-46)')

   (For Gans and Savigny see 'Gans')

   Ruge, A. [1841] 'Zur Characteristik Savignys', in his Zur neuesten Geschichte des Deutschen Geistes

   Toews, J.E. (1981) Hegelianism: The Path Toward Dialectical Humanism, 1805-1841, pp. 60-63, 109-111, 121ff., 244-247

 

@ Savigny and Marx, Marx on the history of law

   Marx [wr. Apr-Aug 1842] 'Philosophical manifesto of the Historical Law School', CW1 pp. 203-210

   Marx [Oct 1842] 'Debates on the law on theft of wood', CW1 pp. 224-263 (see section on customary right)

   Marx [wr. Jan 1844] Contribution to a Critique Hegel's Philosophy of Right: Introduction

   Marx, Grundrisse, 'Precapitalist forms of production'

   Marx, Ethnographical Notebooks

   Vigouroux, C. (1965) 'Karl Marx et la législation forestière rhenane de 1842', Revue d'histoire économique et sociale 43

   Jaeger, H. (1967) 'Savigny et Marx', Archives de Philosophie du Droit 12, pp. 65-89

   Landau, P. (1973) 'Karl Marx und die Rechtsgeschichte', Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 41

   Kelley, D.R. (1978) 'The metaphysics of law: an essay on the very young Marx', American Historical Review 83

   Paul, W. (1978-79) 'Marx versus Savigny', Anales de la Catedra Francisco Suarez 18-19, pp. 271-320

   Levine, N. (1987) 'The German historical school of law and the origins of historical materialism', Journal of the History of Ideas 48

   Paul, W. (1974) Marxistische rechtstheorie als kritik des rechts, section on wood theft article

 

@ Stahl

   Stahl, F.J. (1830-1837) Die Philosophie des Rechts nach geschichtlicher Ansicht, 3 vols

   Stahl, F.J. [18?] 'Hegels Naturrecht und Philosophie des Geistes', in M. Riedel (ed.) Materialien zu Hegels Rechtsphilosophie 1975

   Wiegand, C. (1981) Über Friedrich Julius Stahl (1801-1862): Recht, Staat, Kirche

   Füssl (1988) Professor in der Politik: Friedrich Julius Stahl (1802-1861)

   Toews, J.E. (1989) 'The immanent genesis and transcendent goal of law: Savigny, Stahl and the ideology of the Christian German state', American Journal of Comparitive Law 37 (see part 3, 'Savigny and Stahl')

+ Breckman, W. (1999) Marx, The Young Hegelians and the Origins of Radical Social Theory, ch. 2 'The transcendent sovereign and the political theology of restoration' (esp. last section)

   Drucker, P.F. (2002) 'Friedrich Julius Stahl: his conservative theory of the state', Society 39:5

 

@ Gans

   (Including Gans and Savigny)

   Gans, E. [1839] 'Über die Grundlage des Besitzes, eine Duplik', in H. Schröder (ed.) Eduard Gans: Philosphische Schriften

   Schröder, H. (1971) Eduard Gans: Philosphische Schriften

   Braun, J. (1981) 'Der Besitzrechtsstreit zwischen F. C. von Savigny und Eduard Gans - Idee und Wirklichkeit einer juristischen Kontroverse', Quaderni Fiorentini 9, reprinted in Braun's Judentum, Jurisprudenz und Philosophie 1997

   Waszek, N. (ed.) (1991) Eduard Gans (1979-1839): Hegelianer-Jude-Europäer. Texte und Documente

   Hoffheimer, M.H. (1995) Eduard Gans and the Hegelian Philosophy of Law

+ Breckman, W. (1999) Marx, The Young Hegelians and the Origins of Radical Social Theory, pp. 164-178

   Breckman, W. (2001) 'Eduard Gans and the crisis of Hegelianism', Journal of the History of Ideas 62:3

   Blänker, R. Göhler, G., and Waszek, N. (eds.) (2002) Eduard Gans (1797-1839). Politischer Professor zwischen Restauration und Vormärz

 

@ Pre-Marxist socialism and Marx

   (Including the 'utopian' socialists: Fourier, Saint-Simon, Owen)

   (See also  'Utopianism and Marx')

   (See also A political philosophy bibliography: 'socialism and communism')

   Engels, F. [1843] 'The progress of social reform on the continent', in Marx and Engels Collected Works vol. 3, also available online

   Engels, F

   Levitas, R. (2004) 'Beyond bourgeois right: freedom, equality and utopia in Marx and Morris', The European Legacy 9(5)

   Leopold, D. (2005) 'The structure of Marx and Engels' considered account of utopian socialism', History of Political Thought 26(3)

   Leopold, D. (2007) The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and Human Flourishing, pp. 271-277 'Marx and Saint-Simon', and ch. 5

   Tucker, R. (1961) Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx, 2nd ed. 1972, ch. 7

   Rihs, C. (1978) L'école des jeunes-Hégéliens et les penseurs socialistes français

   Gregory, D. (1983) 'What Marx and Engels knew of French socialism', Historical Reflections 10(1), Spring 1983

 

@ Utopianism in Marx

   Harris, A.L. (1950) 'Utopian elements in Marx's thought', Ethics 60

   Molnar, T.S. (1972) Utopia: The Perennial Heresy

   Altman, A. (1981) 'Is Marxism utopia?', Philosophy and Social Criticism 8(4)

   Webb, D. (2000) Marx, Marxism and Utopia

 

@ Young Hegelians: general

   (See also Ralph Dumain's Young Hegelians bibliography)

* Stepelevich, L.S. (ed.) (1983) The Young Hegelians (texts by the major members of the group)

   Löwith, K. [1941] From Hegel to Nietzsche

   Brazill, W.J. (1970) The Young Hegelians

   Massey, J.A. (1978) 'The Hegelians, the Pietists, and the nature of religion', Journal of Religion, pp. 108-129

   Toews, J.E. (1980) Hegelianism: the Path toward Dialectical Humanism, 1805‑1841

   Jaeschke, W. [1986] Reason in Religion: The Foundations of Hegel's Philosophy of Religion, tr. 1990

+ Toews, J.E. (1993) 'Transformations of Hegelianism, 1805-1846', in Beiser (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Hegel

 

@ Young Hegelians: politics

   Engels [1886] Ludwig Feuerbach and the Outcome of Classical German Philosophy

   Macintosh, R. (1903) Hegel and Hegelianism

   Stuke, H. (1963) Philosphie der Tat. Studien zur Verwirklichung der Philosphie bei den Junghegelianern und wahren Sozialisten

   Cesa, C. (1972) Studi sulla sinistra hegeliana

   Sass, H.-M. (ed.) (1978) 'Feuerbach, Marx and the Left Hegelians', special issue of Philosophical Forum 8(2-4) some articles available online

   Massey, M.C. (1983) Christ Unmasked: The Meaning of the 'Life of Jesus' in German Politics

   Mah, H. (1987) The End of Philosophy, the Origin of 'Ideology': Karl Marx and the Crisis of the Young Hegelians

   Essbach, W. (1988) Fie Junghegelianer. Soziologie enier Intellecktuellengruppe, München

   Hellman, R.J. (1990) Berlin - The Red Room and White Beer: The 'Free' Hegelian Radicals in the 1840s

   Breckman, W. (1999) Marx, The Young Hegelians and the Origins of Radical Social Theory

   Moggach, D. (ed.) (2006)  The New Hegelians: Politics and Philosophy in the Hegelian School

 

@ Young Hegelians and Marx: general

   Kolakowski, L. (1978) Main Currents in Marxism Vol. 1, ch. 6

   Marcuse, H. (1941) Reason and Revolution, part 2 ch. 1

   Hook, S. (1950) From Hegel to Marx, 2nd ed. 1962, chs. 1-4, 7-8

   Tucker, R. (1961) Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx, 2nd ed. 1972, chs. 2-7

   McLellan, D. (1969) The Young Hegelians and Karl Marx

   Habermas, J. [1985] The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, ch. 3

+ Nola, R. (1993) 'The Young Hegelians, Feuerbach and Marx', in R.C. Solomon and K.M. Higgins (eds.) Routledge History of Philosophy. Volume 6: The Age of German Idealism

   Wood, A.W. (1993) 'Hegel and Marxism', in Beiser (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Hegel

   Brudney, D. (1998) Marx's Attempt to Leave Philosophy

 

@ Heine and Marx

   Marcuse, L. (1955) 'Heine and Marx', Germanic Review 30

   Reeves, N. (1973) 'Heine and the young Marx', Oxford German Studies 7

   Kouvelakis, S. (2003) Philosophy and Revolution: From Kant to Marx, ch. 2

   Leopold, D. (2007) The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and Human Flourishing, pp. 26-32

 

@ Strauss

   Strauss, D.F. [1835] The Life of Jesus Critically Examined, tr. George Eliot, (ed.) P. Hodgson 1994

   Strauss, D.F. [1837] In Defense of My Life of Jesus against the Hegelians, tr. M.C. Massey 1983

   Harris, H. (1973) David Friedrich Strauss and his Theology

 

@ Cieszkowski and Marx

   Cieszkowski, A. [1839] 'Prolegomena to historiosophy', chs. 1 and 2 in A. Liebich (ed.) Selected Writings of August Cieszkowski 1979, also in L. Stepelevich (ed.) The Young Hegelians 1983

   Liebich, A. (1979) Between Ideology and Utopia: The Politics and Philosophy of August Cieszkowski, Boston

 

@ Bauer and Marx

   (For the relation to Bauer in the Doctoral Dissertation specifically, see 'Doctoral Dissertation')

   (For Marx's 'On the Jewish Question', see that)

* Bauer, B. [Oct 1841] The Trumpet of the Last Judgement over Hegel, the Atheist and Antichrist, tr. L. Stepelevich, Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, 1989. Two excerpts in L. Stepelevich (ed.) The Young Hegelians 1983

   Bauer, B. [spring 1842] Die gute Sache der Freiheit und meine eigene Angelegenheit [The good cause of freedom and my own affair], Scientia Verlag, Aalen, 1972

   Bauer, B. [early 1843] The Jewish Problem, tr. H. Lederer, Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, 1958. Abridged as 'The Jewish question' in L. Stepelevich (ed.) The Young Hegelians 1983

   Bauer, B. [Oct 1843] Das Entdeckte Christenthum, translated as An English Edition of Bruno Bauer's 1843 Christianity Exposed ed. P. Trejo 2002

   Bauer, B. [1843] 'The capacity of present-day Jews and Christians to become free', Philosophical Forum, 8(2)-4, 1978

   Bauer, B. [1877] Christ and the Caesars: The Origin of Christianity from Romanized Greek Culture, tr. F.E. Schacht 1998

   Sass, H.-M. (ed.) (1968) Bruno Bauer: Feldzüge der reinen Kritik [Campaigns of pure criticism], Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main (a collection of Bauer's articles from 1841 to 1844)

   Barnikol, E. (1972) Bruno Bauer: Studien und Materialien, eds. P. Reimer and H.-M. Sass, van Gorcum, Essen

   Rosen, Z. (1977) Bruno Bauer and Karl Marx: The Influence of Bruno Bauer on Marx's Thought,  Martinus Njhoff, The Hague

   Sass, H.-M. (1978) 'Bruno Bauer's critical theory', Philosophical Forum 8, c. pp. 83-93

   Pepperle, I. (1978) Junghegelianische Geschichtsphilosophie und Kunsttheorie, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin

* Moggach, D. (1989) 'Absolute spirit and universal self-consciousness: Bruno Bauer's revolutionary subjectivism', Dialogue: Canadian Philosophy Review, 28:2, pp. 235-256

+ Stepelevich, L. (1989) 'Translator's introduction' to Bruno Bauer, The Trumpet of the Last Judgement over Hegel, the Atheist and Antichrist, Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, 1989

   Moggach, D. (1992) 'Nation, Volk, Masse: left-Hegelian perspectives on the rise of nationalism', History of European Ideas 15:1-3, pp. 339-345

   Waser, R. (1994) Autonomie des Selbstbewußtseins. Eine Untersuchung zum Verhältniss von Bruno Bauer und Karl Marx (1835-1843)

   Moggach, D. (1996) 'Bruno Bauer's political critique, 1840-41', Owl of Minerva 27:2, pp. 137-154

   Leopold, D. (1999) 'The Hegelian antisemitism of Bruno Bauer', History of European Ideas 25(4)

   Moggach, D. (2002) The Philosophy and Politics of Bruno Bauer

+ Moggach, D. (2002) 'Bruno Bauer', Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, available online

   Moggach, D. (2006) 'Republican rigorism and emancipation in Bruno Bauer', in D. Moggach (ed.) The New Hegelians: Philosophy and Politics in the Hegelian School

   Leopold, D. (2007) The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and Human Flourishing, ch. 2, see pp. 163-180

 

@ Ruge and Marx

   Ruge, A. [1840] 'Zur Kritik des gegenwärtigen Staats- und Volkerrechts', in G.W.F. Hegel. Philosophie des Rechts, (ed.) H. Reichelt, Ullstein, Frankfurt, 1972

   Ruge, A. [1842] 'Hegel's Philosophy of Right and the politics of our times' in L. Stepelevich (ed.) The Young Hegelians

   Marx [Aug 1844] 'Critical marginal notes on 'The King of Prussia and social reform'' [Aug 1844], CW3 pp. 189-210

   Walter, S. (1995) Demokratisches Denken zwischen Hegel und Marx: die politische Philosophie Arnold Ruges, Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf

   Breckman, W. (1999) Marx, The Young Hegelians and the Origins of Radical Social Theory, ch. 7

 

@ Feuerbach: links

  

Feuerbach internet archive is the best source of online Feuerbach texts in English

   Ralph Dumain's Feuerbach bibliography has some items not included here

   Ludwig-Feuerbach-Gesellschaft (Ludwig Feuerbach Society) website has links and a bibliography of recent German-language literature on Feuerbach

   International Society of Feuerbach Researchers website has some online articles on Feuerbach

 

@ Feuerbach: texts

   Feuerbach, L. [1828] 'Über die Vernunft' (doctoral dissertation) in Werke Vol. 1, (ed.) E. Thies, Frankfurt, 1975

   Feuerbach, L. [1828] Letter to Hegel, 22 November 1828, in C. Butler (ed.) Hegel: The Letters

   Feuerbach, L. [1830] Thoughts on Death and Immortality, tr. J. Massey, 1980

   Feuerbach, L. (1833) Geschichte der neuen Philosophie von Bacon von Verulam bis Benedikt Spinoza (History of Modern Philosophy from Bacon to Spinoza)

   Feuerbach, L. [1835] '"Die Philosophie des Rechts nach Geschichtliche Ansicht"' (Review of J. Stahl, The Philosophy of Right in Historical Perspective, Vol. 2)

   Feuerbach. L. [1837] Darstellung, Entwicklung und Kritik der Leibnitz'schen Philosophie (Presentation, Development and Critique of Leibniz's Philosophy)

   Feuerbach, L. (1838) Pierre Bayle

   Feuerbach, L. [1838] 'Zur Kritik der Christlichen oder "positiven" Philosophie' (review of J. Sengler, On the Essence and Meaning of Speculative Philosophy and Theology in the Present Time)

   Feuerbach, L. [1838] '"Die Idee der Freiheit und der begriff des Gedankens, von. Dr. K. Bayer"' (review of K. Bayer, The Idea of Freedom and the Concept of Thought)

   Feuerbach, L. [1839] 'Philosophie und Christentum' (rejection of H. Leo's attack on Hegel as unChristian; his last text to defend Hegelianism)

   Feuerbach, L. [1839] 'Towards a critique of Hegel's philosophy' in L. Stepelevich (ed.) The Young Hegelians 1983, also in Z. Hanfi (ed.) The Fiery Brook 1972

   Feuerbach, L. [1840] 'Dr. Karl Bayer, Betrachtungen über den Begriff des sittlichen Geistes und über das Wesen der Tugend', in Gesammelte Werke Vol. 9 (Review of K. Bayer, Considerations on the Concept of Ethical Spirit and the Essence of Virtue)

   Feuerbach, L. [1841] The Essence of Christianity, esp. prefaces and introduction; also available online, the German text of the introduction, part 1 'The essential nature of man' is also available online

   Feuerbach, L. [1841] 'On "The Beginning of Philosophy"' (review of J.F. Reiff, The Beginning of Philosophy), in Z. Hanfi (ed.) The Fiery Brook 1972

   Feuerbach, L. [1841?] 'The necessity of a reform of philosophy', in Z. Hanfi (ed.) The Fiery Brook 1972

   Feuerbach, L. [1842] 'Provisional theses for the reform of philosophy', first published 1843, in L. Stepelevich (ed.) The Young Hegelians, also in Z. Hanfi (ed.) The Fiery Brook 1972

   Feuerbach, L. [1843] Principles of the Philosophy of the Future, tr. M. Vogel 1966, reprinted with introduciton by T. Wartenberg 1986; also in also in Z. Hanfi (ed.) The Fiery Brook 1972, Hanfi translation available online

   Feuerbach, L. [1844] The Essence of Faith According to Luther: A Supplement to the Essence of Christianity, tr. M. Cherno 1967

   Feuerbach, L. [1845] The Essence of Religion

   Feuerbach, L. [1845] 'The Essence of Christianity in relation to The Ego and its Own', Philosophical Forum 8:2-4, 1978, also available online (Feuerbach's review of The Ego and its Own)

   Feuerbach, L. [1851] Lectures on the Essence of Religion, tr. R. Manheim 1967, also available online (extracts)

   Feuerbach, L. [18?] 'Basic principles of the philosophy of the future', in M. Friedman (ed.) The Worlds Of Existentialism: A Critical Reader, 1964

   Hanfi, Z. (ed.) (1972) The Fiery Brook: Selected Writings of Ludwig Feuerbach, tr. Z. Hanfi

 

@ Feuerbach's philosophy in general

   Chamberlain, W.B. (1941) Heaven Wasn't His Destination: The Philosophy of Ludwig Feuerbach

   Althusser, L. [1960] 'Feuerbach's philosophical manifestoes', in his For Marx

   Tucker, R. (1961) Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx, ch. 4

* Kamenka, E. (1970) The Philosophy of Ludwig Feuerbach

* Wartofsky, M. (1977) Feuerbach, esp. chs. 7,11

+ Massey, J.A. (1980) Introduction', to Feuerbach, Thoughts on Death and Immortality, University of California Press

   Toews, J.E. (1980) Hegelianism, ch. 10

+ Wartenberg, T. (1986) 'Introduction' to Ludwig Feuerbach, Principles of the Philosophy of the Future, ed. T. Wartenberg

   Wilson, C.A. (1989) Feuerbach and the Search for Otherness

   Philonenko, A. (1990) La jeunesse de Feuerbach. 1828-1841. Introduction à ses positions fondamentales, Vol. 1, Paris

   Johnston, L.W. (1995) Between Transcendence and Nihilism: Species-Ontology in the Philosophy of Ludwig Feuerbach

 

@ Feuerbach and Hegel

   Feuerbach, L. [1828] Letter to Hegel, in Hegel: The Letters, tr. C. Butler and C. Seiler 1984, pp. 547-550

   Feuerbach, L. [1839] 'Towards a critique of Hegel's philosophy' in L. Stepelevich (ed.) The Young Hegelians 1983, also in Z. Hanfi (ed.) The Fiery Brook 1972

   Feuerbach, L. [1841] The Essence of Christianity, ch. 23, also available online

   Feuerbach, L. [1843] 'Provisional theses for the reform of philosophy' in L. Stepelevich (ed.) The Young Hegelians, also in Z. Hanfi (ed.) The Fiery Brook 1972

   Feuerbach, L. [1843] Principles of the Philosophy of the Future, tr. M. Vogel, (ed.) T. Wartenberg 1986, also in Z. Hanfi (ed.) The Fiery Brook 1972, Hanfi translation available online (§§1-31 are on Hegel)

   Löwith, K. (1971) 'Mediation and immediacy in Hegel, Marx, and Feuerbach', in W.E. Steinkraus (ed.) New Studies in Hegel's Philosophy

   Wartofsky, M. (1977) Feuerbach, chs. 6-7

   Williams, H.L. (1978) 'Feuerbach and Hegel', Idealistic Studies 8

   Dahlstrom, D. (1984) 'Marxist ideology and Feuerbach's critique of Hegel', Philosophical Forum 15

   Duquette, D. (1988)  'From disciple to antagonist: Feuerbach's critique of Hegel', Philosophy and Theology 3

 

@ Feuerbach and religion

   Glasse, J. (1972) 'Why did Feuerbach concern himself with Luther?', Revue Internationale de Philosophie 26

   Fiorenza, F.S. (1979) 'Feuerbach's interpretation of religion and Christianity', Philosophical Forum 11

   Wartofsky, M. (1977) Feuerbach, chs. 8-10

   Dickey, L. (1993) 'Hegel on religion and philosophy', in Beiser (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Hegel

   Hipwell, V.B. (1993) 'Taking "things as they are": the basis of Ludwig Feuerbach's objection to the Christian religion', History of Political Thought 14(3)

   Thornton, S.P. (1996) 'Facing up to Feuerbach', International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 39:2

   Van Harvey, A. (1996-97) 'The re-discovery of Ludwig Feuerbach', Free Inquiry 17:1

   Van Harvey, A. (1997) Feuerbach and the Interpretation of Religion

 

@ Feuerbach's anthropology,  species-being and anti-individualism in Feuerbach

   (See also 'Feuerbach's political thought')

   Rotenstreich, N. (1972) 'Anthropology and sensibility', Revue Internationale de Philosophie 26

   Schmidt, A. (1973) Emanzipatorische Sinnlichkeit: Ludwig Feuerbachs anthropologischer Materialismus

   Massey, J.A. (1976) 'Feuerbach and religious individualism', Journal of Religion 54

   Wartofsky, M. (1977) Feuerbach, chs. 11-12

   Christensen, K.R. (1985) 'Individuation and commonality in Feuerbach's "philosophy of man"', Interpretation 13(3)

 

@ Feuerbach's political thought, his humanism and civic humanism

   (For the Theses on Feuerbach, see 'Praxis, Theses on Feuerbach',)

   Gordon, F.M. (1978) 'The contradictory nature of Feuerbachian humanism', Philosophical Forum 8

* Breckman, W. (1992) 'Ludwig Feuerbach and the political theology of restoration', History of Political Thought 13(3)

   Johnston, L.W. (1995) Between Transcendence and Nihilism: Species-Ontology in the Philosophy of Ludwig Feuerbach

   Breckman, W. (1999) Marx, The Young Hegelians and the Origins of Radical Social Theory: Dethroning the Self, ch. 3 and pp. 196-220

 

@ Feuerbach and Marx

   (Including the 'true socialists')

   (For the Theses on Feuerbach, see 'Theses on Feuerbach')

   Engels, F. [1888] Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy

   Tucker, R. (1961) Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx, chs. 4-6

   Schuffenhauer, W. (1972) Feurbach und der junge Marx, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin

   Lukacs, G. (1954) 'Zur philosophischen Entwicklung des jungen Marx', Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosphie 2(2), pp. 288ff

   Lobkowicz, N. (1967) Theory and Practice: History of a Concept from Aristotle to Marx, chs. 17, 20

   Gagern, M. (1971) 'The puzzling pattern of the Marxist critique of Feuerbach', Studies in Soviet Thought (now Studies in East European Thought) 11

  Sass, H.-M. (1983) 'The 'transition' from Feuerbach to Marx: a re-interpretation', Studies in Soviet Thought (now Studies in East European Thought) 26(2)

   Harvey, V.A. (1985) 'Ludwig Feuerbach and Karl Marx', in N. Smart et al. (eds.) Nineteenth Century Religious Thought in the West

   Elster, J. (1985) Making Sense of Marx, sec. 8.2.1 'Inversion' (pp. 477-482)

* Arthur, C.J. (1986) Dialectics of Labour, ch. 9, available online

   Breckman, W. (1992) 'Ludwig Feuerbach and the political theology of restoration', History of Political Thought 13(3)

   Geoghegan, V. (2004) 'Religion and communism: Feuerbach, Marx and Bloch', The European Legacy 9(5)

 

@ Feuerbach and Stirner

   Feuerbach, L. [1845] 'The Essence of Christianity in relation to The Ego and its Own', Philosophical Forum 8:2-4, 1978, also available online (Feuerbach's review of The Ego and its Own)

   Stirner, M. [1846?] 'Stirner's critics', Philosophical Forum 8, 1978, also available online (Stirner's response to the)

   Stepelevich, L.S. (1978) 'Max Stirner and Ludwig Feuerbach' Journal of the History of Ideas 39

   Gordon, F.M. (1978) 'The debate between Feuerbach and Stirner: an introduction', Philosophical Forum 8:2-4, also available online

 

@ Stirner

   (The Egoist archive: Stirner collection is the best source of online resources on Stirner in English)

   (The lsr-projekt site has German-language texts of Stirner's main works)

   Stirner, M. [1842] 'Art and religion', in L. Stepelevich (ed.) The Young Hegelians, also available online

   Stirner, M. [1844] The Ego and its Own, tr. S.T. Byington, ed. J.L. Walker 1907, or ed. S. Parker 1982, or ed. D. Leopold 1995; 1907 edition available online

   Stirner, M. [1846?] 'Stirner's critics', Philosophical Forum 8, 1978, also available online (Stirner's response to Feuerbach's review of The Ego and its Own)

   Stirner, M. Kleiner Schriften, Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart, 1976

   Carer, P. (1911) 'Max Stirner, the predecessor of Nietzsche', The Monist 21

   Camus, A. [1951] The Rebel, section on Stirner (not included in Penguin Modern Classics edition)

   Arvon, H. (1954) Aux Sources de L'Existentialisme: Max Stirner

   McLellan, D. (1969) The Young Hegelians and Karl Marx, ch. 3 'Max Stirner', available online

   Carroll, J. (1974) Break-out from the Crystal Palace: The Anarcho-Psychological Critique; Stirner, Nietzsche, Dostoevsky

   Paterson, R.W.K. (1971) The Nihilistic Egoist: Max Stirner

   Clark, J.P. (1976) Max Stirner's Egoism

   Stepelevich, L.S. (1985) 'Stirner as Hegelian' Journal of the History of Ideas 46

   Thomson, E. (1991) Feuerbach, Marx and Stirner: An Investigation into Althusser

   Browning, G. (1999) 'Stirner's critique of Hegel: Geist and the egoistic exorcist', in his Hegel and the History of Political Philosophy

   De Ridder, W. (2008) 'Max Stirner, Hegel and the Young Hegelians: a reassessment', History of European Ideas 34(3)

 

@ Stirner and Marx

   (See also 'Critique of morality and humanism in Marx' and 'Fetishism and hypsotatisation')

   Lobkowicz, N. (1969) 'Karl Marx and Max Stirner' in F.J. Adelmann (ed.) Demythologizing Marxism

   Thomas, P. (1975) 'Karl Marx and Marx Stirner', Political Theory 3(2)

   Dematteis,, (1976) Individuality and the Social Organism: The Controversy between Max Stirner and Karl Marx

   Arvon, H. (1978) 'Concerning Marx's "epistemological break"', Philosophical Forum 8

   Thomas, P. (1980) Karl Marx and the Anarchists, ch. 3

   Ferguson, K. (1982) 'Saint Max revisited: a reconsideration of Max Stirner', Idealistic Studies 12:3

   Derrida, J. (1994) Spectres of Marx, chs. 4-5

 

@ Hess and Marx

   (With thanks to James Furner)

   Hess, M. [1843] 'The philosophy of the act', in A. Fried and R. Saunders (eds.) Socialist Thought: A Documentary History 1964

   Hess, M. [1843] 'Socialismus und Communismus', review of von Stein

   Hess, M. [1845] 'The recent philosophers' in L. Stepelevich (ed.) The Young Hegelians 1983

   Hess, M. [1845] 'On the essence of money', in J. Kovesi, Values and Evaluations: Essays on Ethics and Ideology 1998, also available online

   Hess, M. [1845] 'On the socialist movement in Germany', in his Philosophische und sozialistische Schrifte 1837-1850

   Hess, M. (1921) Sozialistische Aufsätze 1841-1847, ed. T. Zlocisti

   Hess, M. (1961) Philosophische und sozialistische Schrifte 1837-1850, 2nd ed. 1980

* Lukacs, G. [1926] 'Moses Hess and the problems of idealist dialectics', in his Political Writings 1919-1929, 1973

   Mielcke, K. (1931) Deutsche Fruhsozialismus. Gesellschaft und Geschichte in den Schriften Wilhelm Weitling und Moses Hess

   Goitein, I. (1931) Probleme der Gesellschaft und der Staates bei Moses Hess

   Hook, S. (1934) 'Karl Marx and Moses Hess', New International 1(5), available online

   Cornu, A. (1934) Moses Hess et la Gauche Hegelienne

   Silberner, E. (1951) Moses Hess, An Annotated Bibliography

   Weiss, J. (1960) Moses Hess, Utopian Socialist

   Moss, M. (1961) Philosophische und sozialistische Schriften, 2nd ed. 1980

   Carlebach, L. (1973) 'The problem of Moses Hess's influence on the Young Marx', Baeck Institute Yearbook 18

   Avineri, A. (1981) The Making of Modern Zionism: The Intellectual Origins of the Jewish State, ch. 3 'Moses Hess'

   Rosen, Z. (1983) Moses Hess und Karl Marx: Ein Beitrag zur Entstehung der Marxschen Theorie

   Avineri, S. (1985) Moses Hess: Prophet of Communism and Zionism

   Kovesi, J. (1998) 'Moses Hess, Marx and money', in his Values and Evaluations: Essays on Ethics and Ideology

   Koltun-Fromm, K. (2001) Moses Hess and Modern Jewish Identity

   Kouvelakis, S. (2003) Philosophy and Revolution from Kant to Marx, ch. 3

 

@ Proudhon and Marx

   (For a fuller bibliography on Proudhon see Dana Ward's Proudhon bibliography)

   Marx, K. (1847) The Poverty of Philosophy

   Proudhon, P.J. [1840] What is Property?

   Proudhon, P.J. [1846] The System of Economic Contradictions or the Philosophy of Poverty

   Jackson, J.H. (1957) Marx, Proudhon, and European Socialism

   Haubtmann, P. (1980) Le Philosophie Sociale de P.J. Proudhon

 

@ Marx's early development as a whole (1837-46)

   (Work not focusing on the Young Hegelians or on specific texts)

   (For development of Marx's specifically political views, see 'Early political writings as a whole (1839-46)')

   Macmurray, J. (1935) 'The early development of Marx's thought' in J. Lewis, K. Polanyi and D. Kitchin (eds.) Christianity and the Social Revolution

   Adams, H. (1940) Karl Marx in His Earlier Writings, 2nd ed. 1965

* Cornu, A. (1958) Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels: Leur vie et oeuvre, PUF, Paris, Vol. 2

   Althusser, L. [1965] For Marx, chs. 1-2

   Garaudy, R. [1965] Karl Marx: The Evolution of his Thought, tr. 1967

   Lobkowicz, N. (1967) Theory and Practice: History of a Concept from Aristotle to Marx

   Dupré, L. (1966) The Philosophical Foundations of Marxism, ch. 4 'Marx's critique of Hegel's philosophy of the state'

* McLellan, D. (1970) Marx before Marxism

   O'Malley, J. (1970)  'Introduction' to K. Marx, Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, ed. O'Malley

   Meszaros, I. (1970) Marx's Theory of Alienation, 4th (ed.) 1975, ch. 2

   van Leeuwen, A.T. (1972) Critique of Heaven

   Monz, H. et al. (1973), Der unbekannte junge Marx, Neue Studien zur Entwicklung des Marxschen Denkens 1835-1847

   van Leeuwen, A.T. (1975) Critique of Earth

+ Colletti, L. (1975) 'Introduction' to Karl Marx: Early Writings,  ed. Colletti

   van der Hoeven, J. (1976) Karl Marx: The Roots of his Thought

   Oizerman, T.I. [1977] The Making of the Marxist Philosophy

* Kolakowski, L. (1978) Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1: The Founders, chs. 2-8

   Markus, G. (1980) 'Four forms of critical theory: some theses on Marx's intellectual development', Thesis Eleven 1

   Sherover-Marcuse, E. (1986) Emancipation and Consciousness : Dogmatic and Dialectical Perspectives in the Early Marx

   Cingoli, M. (2001)  Il primo Marx, 1835-1841

 

@ Early political writings as a whole (1842-46)

   (For work on particular texts and topics see below)

   Gurvitch, G. (1948) 'La sociologie du jeune Marx', Cahiers Internationales de Sociologie 4, reprinted in his La Vocation actuelle de la sociologie 1950

   Voegelin, E. (1950) 'The formation of the Marxian revolutionary idea', Review of Politics 12(3)

   McCoy, C.N.R. (1954) 'The logical and the real in political theory: Plato, Aristotle and Marx', American Political Science Review 48

   Cornu, A. (1958) Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels: Leur vie et leur oeuvre, Vol. 2 Du libéralisme démocratique au communisme

* Avineri, S. (1968) The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx

   McLellan, D. (1970) Marx before Marxism, chs. 3-6

   Löwy, M. (1970) La theorie de la revolution chez le jeune Marx

+ O'Malley, J. (1970) 'Introduction' to Karl Marx, Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, ed. O'Malley, section 3

   Hunt, R.N. (1974) The Political Ideas of Marx and Engels, Vol. 1: Marxism and Totalitarian Democracy,1818-1850

   Teeple, G. (1984) Marx's Critique of Politics 1842-1847

   Sherover-Marcuse, E. (1986) Emancipation and Consciousness: Dogmatic and Dialectical Perspectives in the Early Marx             

   Berki, R.N. (1990) 'Through and through Hegel: Marx's road to communism', Political Studies 38

   Kouvelakis, S. (2003) Philosophy and Revolution: From Kant to Marx, ch. 5

   Leopold, D. (2007) The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and Human Flourishing

 

@ State in the early political writings (1837-46)

   Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right

   On the Jewish Question, part 1

   The German Ideology [1845] ch. 1 'Feuerbach' in Collected Works Vol. 5: pp. 27-37, 41-49, 89-92, 76-81, 329-330  or (ed.) C.J Arthur, 1974: pp. 39-48, 48-57, 79-81, 82-86, 106-107

   McGovern, A.F. (1970) 'The young Marx on the state', Science & Society 34(4)

   Sayer, D. (1985) 'The critique of politics and political economy: capitalism, communism and the state in Marx's writings of the mid-1840s', Sociological Review 33(2)

 

@ Law in the early political writings (1837-46)

   (For Marx on law in general see 'Law in Marx: general')

   (For Marx’s critique of human rights see ‘Rights and Marx’)

   (For relations to his law teachers see 'Savigny')

   van Leeuwen, A.T. (1972) Critique of Heaven, ch. 3

   Schefold, C. (1972) Die Rechtsphilosophie des jungen Marx von 1842

   Hirst, P.Q. (1972) 'Marx and Engels on law, crime and morality', Economy and Society 1:1

   Guastini, R. (1974) Marx dall filosofia del diritto alla scienza della società: il lessico giuridico marxismo, 1842-1851

   Paul, W. (1974) Marxistische rechtstheorie als kritik des rechts

   Szabo, I. (1981) Karl Marx und das Recht (see chapters on early Marx)

   Chen, X. (1983) 'An inquiry into Marx's early views on philosophy of law and his early legal thinking', Social Sciences in China 4(2)

   Kain, P.J. (1988) Marx and Ethics, ch. 1 sec. 1

   Taiwo, O. (1996) Legal Naturalism: A Marxist Theory of Law, ch. 1

 

@ Letter to his father (1837)

   Kelley, D.R. (1978) 'The metaphysics of law: an essay on the very young Marx', American Historical Review 83

   Mah, H.E. (1986) 'Karl Marx in love: The enlightenment, romanticism and Hegelian theory in the young Marx', History of European Ideas 7(5)

 

@ Doctoral Dissertation (and preparatory notebooks) (1839-41): general

   (General commentaries and commentaries that focus on the materialism/idealism issue)

   Bailey, C. (1928) 'Karl Marx on Greek atomism', The Classical Quarterly 22, pp. 205-6

   Mins, H.F. (1948) 'Marx's doctoral dissertation', Science & Society 12:1

   Mehring, F. (1955) 'La thèse de Karl Marx sur Democrite et Epicure' La Nouvelle Critique 61

   Cornu, A. (1955) Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels: Leur vie et oeuvre, Vol. 1, ch. 3

   Sannwald, R. (1957) Marx und die Antike

   Hillmann, G. (1966) Marx und Hegel

   Livergood, N. (1967) Activity in Marx's Philosophy, The Hague

   Gabaude, J.-M. (1970) Le Jeune Marx et le matérialisme antique

   van Leeuwen, A.T. (1972) Critique of Heaven, chs. 4-9

  Sass, H.-M. (1978) 'The concept of revolution in Marx's dissertation (the non-Hegelian origin of Karl Marx's early concept of dialectics)', Philosophical Forum 8

   Baranovitch, L. (1978) 'Two appendices to a doctoral dissertation: some light on the origin of Karl Marx's dissociation from Bruno Bauer and the Young Hegelians', Philosophical Forum 8

   Lange, E. et al. (1983) Die Promotion von Karl Marx. Jena 1841. Eine Quellenedition

   Baranovitch, L. (1984) 'German idealism, Greek materialism and the young Marx', International Philosophical Quarterly, Sep. 1984

   Fenves, P. (1986) 'Marx's thesis on two Greek atomists and the post-Kantian interpretations', Journal of the History of Ideas, 47:3, Jul-Sep 1986

   Thomas, P. (1988) 'Nature and artifice in Marx', History of Political Thought 9:3

   Murray, P. (1988) Marx's Theory of Scientific Knowledge, ch. 1

   Balaban, O. (1989) 'The hermeneutics of the young Marx: according to Marx's approach to the Philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus', Diogenes 37

   McCarthy, G.E. (1990) Marx and the Ancients

   Schafer, P.M. (2003) ‘The young Marx on Epicurus: dialectical atomism and human freedom’, in D.R. Gordon (ed) Epicurus: His Continuing Influence and Contemporary Relevance

 

@ Doctoral dissertation (and preparatory notebooks): political interpretations

   (These interpretations usually focus on notebook 6 of the preparatory Notebooks on Epicurean Philosophy (on Aristotelianism and Platonism), on the parallel note on Hegelianism in the Doctoral Dissertation, and on the appendix to the Doctoral Dissertation (on Plutarch))

   Sass, H.M. (1978) 'The concept of revolution in Marx's dissertation', Philosophical Forum 8, c. pp. 141-142

   Baranovitch, L. (1978) 'Two appendices to a doctoral dissertation: some new light on the origin of Karl Marx's dissociation from Bruno Bauer and the Young Hegelians', Philosophical Forum 8, pp. 219-240

   Teeple, G. (1984) Marx's Critique of Politics 1842-1847, ch. 1

   Jeannot, T.M. (1994) 'After "The Darkness at Noon": a biographical study of Marxism as critical theory' International Journal of Social Economics, 21:2, pp. 81-102

   Breckman, W. (1999) Marx, The Young Hegelians and the Origins of Radical Social Theory, ch. 7, section on the Doctoral Dissertation

 

@ Rheinische Zeitung articles (1842-43)

   (And  other contemporary political writings)

   (For the idea of law in these articles, see 'Right and law in the early political writings (1837-46)')

   'Comments on the latest Prussian censorship' [Jan-Feb 1842], CW1 pp. 109-131

   'Debates on freedom of the press' [Apr 1842], CW1 pp. 132-181

   'Philosophical manifesto of the Historical Law School' [Apr-Aug 1842], CW1 pp. 203-210

   'The leading article in no. 179 of the Kölinische Zeitung' [Jul 1842], CW1 pp. 184-202

   'The divorce bill' [Dec 1842], CW1 pp. 307-310

   Letter to Ruge of 13 March 1843, CW1 pp. 398-400

   Pascal, R. (1942?) Karl Marx: His Apprenticeship to Politics

   Cornu, A. (1958) Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels: Leur vie et oeuvre, PUF, Paris, Vol. 2, ch. 1

   Kamenka, E. (1962) The Ethical Foundations of Marxism, 2nd ed. 1972, part 1 'The primitive ethic of Karl Marx', also available online

   Vigouroux, C. (1965) 'Karl Marx et la législation forestière rhenane de 1842', Revue d'histoire économique et sociale 43

   McGovern, A.F. (1969) 'Marx's first political writings: the Rheinsiche Zeitung, 1842-43', in F.J. Adelman (ed.) Demythologizing Marxism

   Draper, H. (1971) Karl Marx's Theory of Revolution, Vol. 1: State and Bureaucracy, chs. 1-2

   Howard, D. (1972) The Development of the Marxian Dialectic, ch. 2

   van Leeuwen, A.T. (1975) Critique of Earth, chs. 2-3

   Lubasz, H. (1976) 'Marx's initial problematic: the problem of poverty', Political Studies 24(1)

   Hardt. H. (2000) ‘Communication is freedom: Karl Marx on press freedom and censorship’, Javnost - The Public  7(4)

   Kouvelakis, S. (2003) Philosophy and Revolution from Kant to Marx, pp. 237-275 'Fighting for freedom with pinpricks'

   Chitty, A. (2006) 'The basis of the state in the Marx of 1842', in D. Moggach (ed.) The New Hegelians: Politics and Philosophy in the Hegelian School

 

@ Critique of Hegel's Doctrine of the State ('Kreuznach manuscript') (1843)

   (For particular topics see 'Modern state', 'Separation of state and civil society' and 'Democracy in the early Marx')

   Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right [1843]

   Contribution to a Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: Introduction [1843-44]

   Adams, H. (1940) Karl Marx in His Earlier Writings, 2nd ed. 1965, ch. 4

   Hyppolite, J. [1947] 'The Hegelian conception of the state and its critique by Marx', in his Studies on Hegel and Marx

   Lapine, N. [1959] 'La première critique approfondie la philosophie de Hegel par Marx', Recherches internationales à la lumière du Marxisme', Cahier no. 19 (Originally published in Russian; Teeple 280: argues that CHPR mnarked Marx's passage from idealism to materialism)

   Dupré, L. (1966) The Philosophical Foundations of Marxism, ch. 4 'Marx's critique of Hegel's philosophy of the state'

   Avineri, S. (1966) 'Marx's critique of Hegel's 'Philosophy of Right' in its systematic setting', Cahiers de l'Institut de Science Economique Appliqué, Série Philosophie - Sciences Sociales - Economie, August 1966, pp. 45-81

   Avineri, S. (1967) 'The Hegelian origins of Marx's political thought', Review of Metaphysics 21(1)

   Lefebvre, H. (1968) The Sociology of Marx, London, pp. 123 ff

   Avineri, S. (1968) Karl Marx's Social and Political Thought, ch. 1 ' Hegel's political philosophy reconsidered'

   Lobkowicz, N. (1967) Theory and Practice: History of a Concept from Aristotle to Marx, ch. 18 'Civil society'

* O'Malley, J. (1970) 'Introduction' to Karl Marx, Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, ed. O'Malley

   Berki, R.N. (1971) 'Perspectives in the Marxian critique of Hegel's political philosophy', in Z.A. Pelczynski (ed.) Hegel's Political Philosophy

   Colletti, L. (1975) 'Introduction' to Marx, Early Writings, ed. L. Collietti

   Mikkelsen, J.M. (1981) 'Marx's critique of Hegel's Rechtphilosophie', Auslegung 8(3)

   Liebich, A. (1982) 'On the origins of a Marxist theory of bureaucracy in the Critique of Hegel's 'Philosophy of Right'', Political Theory 10(1)

   Campbell, D. (1985) 'Rationality, democracy, and freedom in Marxist critiques of Hegel's Philosophy of Right', Inquiry 28(1)

* Duquette, D. (1989) 'Marx's idealist critique of Hegel's theory of society and politics', Review of Politics 51(2)

   Berki, R.N. (1990) 'Through and through Hegel: Marx's road to communism', Political Studies 38

   Jackson, M.W. (1990) Marx's 'Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right', History of European Ideas

   Planinc, Z. (1991) 'Family and civil society in Hegel's Philosophy of Right', History of Political Thought, 12(2)

   Depew, D.J. (1992) 'The polis transfigured: Aristotle's Politics and Marx's Critique of Hegel's "Philosophy of Right"', in G.E. McCarthy (ed.) Marx and Aristotle: Nineteenth Century German Social Theory and Classical Antiquity

   Cristi, R. (2006) 'Marx's critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: a critique', in D. Moggach (ed.) The New Hegelians: Politics and Philosophy in the Hegelian School

   Leopold, D. (2007) The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and Human Flourishing, ch. 2

 

@ On the Jewish Question (1843)

   (Only discussions of On the Jewish Question as a whole here)

   (For particular topics see 'Modern state', 'Judaism and Marx', 'Separation of state and civil society', 'French Revolution in Marx', 'Rights and Marx', 'Individual, identity, subject and subjectification in Marx', 'Communism: withering away of the state')

   Bauer, B. [1843] The Jewish Question, in L.S. Stepelevich (ed.) The Young Hegelians: An Anthology, 1983

   On the Jewish Question [1843]

   Peled, Y. (1992) 'From theology to sociology: Bruno Bauer and Karl Marx on the question of Jewish emancipation', History of Political Thought 13:3

   Leopold, D. (2007) The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and Human Flourishing, ch. 3

 

@ Separation of state and civil society

   (See also 'Modern state')

   (For overcoming of this see 'Communism: withering away of the state ')

   (For this in relation to individual's identity as private/public person, see 'Individual, identity, subject and subjectification in Marx')

   On the Jewish Question [1843], part 1

   'Critical marginal notes on 'The King of Prussia and social reform'' [Aug 1844], CW3 pp. 189-210

   Löwith, K. (1967) From Hegel to Nietzsche pt. 2 ch. 1 'The problem of bourgeois society'

   Thomas, P. (1980) Karl Marx and the Anarchists, RKP, pp. 56-64

   Wood, E.M. (1981) 'The separation of the economic and the political in capitalism', New Left Review 127, revised as ch. 1 of her Democracy Against Capitalism

 

@ French Revolution in Marx

   On the Jewish Question

   Furet, F. [1986] Marx and the French Revolution, tr. 1988

   Kouvelakis, S. (2003) Philosophy and Revolution: From Kant to Marx, ch. 5

 

@ Democracy in the early Marx

   (See also ‘Democracy in Marx in general’)

   Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right [1843], two passages on democracy (Colletti (ed.) Early Writings pp. 87-90, 185-91; Marx and Engels Collected Works Vol. 5 pp. 29-32, 115-21; Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right ed. J. O'Malley pp. 29-33, 115-121)

   'Letters to Ruge from the Franco-German Yearbook' [Mar-Sep 1843], CW3 pp. 133-146, see first letter

   'Critical marginal notes on 'The King of Prussia and social reform'' [Aug 1844], CW3 pp. 189-210

   Hunt, R.N. (1974) The Political Ideas of Marx and Engels, Vol. 1: Marxism and Totalitarian Democracy,1818-1850

   Fischer, N. (1981) 'Marx's early concept of democracy and the ethical bases of socialism', in J.P. Burke et als. (eds.) Marxism and the Good Society

   Luc, L.-P. (1982) 'Le concept de democratie dans la critique du droit politique Hegelien', Philosophiques 9

   Campbell, D. (1985) 'Rationality, democracy, and freedom in Marxist critiques of Hegel's Philosophy of Right', Inquiry 28

   Kouvelakis, S. (2003) Philosophy and Revolution: From Kant to Marx, pp. 275-336 'Fighting for freedom with pinpricks'

 

@ Politics and the political in Marx

   Arendt, H. (1958) The Human Condition, section on 'Action'

   Arendt, A. (1963) OnRevolution, chapter on 'The Lost Revolutionary Tradition'

   Megill, A. (2001) Karl Marx: The Burden of Reason. Why Marx Rejected Politics and the Market

 

@ Judaism and Marx

   On the Jewish Question [1843], esp. part 2

   'The Jewish Question no. 3', in The Holy Family [1844], CW4 106-124

   Avineri, S. (1964) 'Marx and Jewish emancipation', Journal of the History of Ideas 25(3)

   Wistrich, R.S. (1976) Revolutionary Jews: From Marx to Trotsky

   Carlebach, J. (1978) Karl Marx and the Radical Critique of Judaism

   Hirsch, H. (1980) Marx und Moses: Karl Marx zur 'Judenfrage' und zu Juden

   Wolfson, M. (1982) Marx: Economist, Philosopher, Jew  Trotsky

   Maidan, M. (1987) 'Marx on the Jewish question: a meta-critical analysis', Studies in Soviet Thought (now Studies in East European Thought) 33(1)

   Fischman, D. (1991) Political Discourse in Exile: Karl Marx and the Jewish Question

   Rose, P.L. (1992) German Question / Jewish Question: Revolutionary Anti-Semitism from Kant to Wagner

   Peled, Y. (1992) 'From theology to sociology: Bruno Bauer and Karl Marx on the question of Jewish emancipation', History of Political Thought 13(3)

   Leopold, D. (2007) The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and Human Flourishing, ch. 2, see pp. 163-180

 

@ Religion and Marx, Christianity and Marx

   (See also 'Money, capital and God')

   Wackenheim, C. (1963) La faillite de la religion d'après Karl Marx

   Lobkowicz, N. (1964) 'Marx's attitude towards religion', Review of Politics 26(3), reprinted in Lobkowicz (ed.) Marx and the Western World 1967

   MacIntyre, A. (1955) Marxism: An Interpetation, revised as Marxism and Christianity, 1968, 2nd ed. 1995

   Post, W. (1969) Kritik der Religion bei Karl Marx

   Gollwitzer, H. (1970) The Christian Faith and the Marxist Criticism of Religion

   van Leeuwen, A.T. (1972) Critique of Heaven

   Schuller, P.M. (1974) 'Karl Marx's atheism', Science & Society 39

   Clarkson, K.L. and Hawkin, D.J. (1978) 'Karl Marx on religion: the influence of Bruno Bauer and Ludwig Feuerbach on his thought and its implications for the Christian-Marxist dialogue', Scottish Journal of Theology 31

   Woznicki, A.N. (1981) 'Marx on religious alienation', Dialectics and Humanism 8

   Oniang'o, C. (1982) 'A theory of religion, ideology and utopia in Marx', Philosophy and Social Action 8

   Dupre, L. (1984) 'Religion as alienation, ideology, and utopia in Marx', Logos 5

   Cloeren, H.J. (1987) 'Marx on religion: a new perspective', International Studies in Philosophy 19

   McLellan, D. (1987) Marxism and Religion: A Description and Assessment of the Marxist Critique of Christianity

   Collier, A. (2001) Christianity and Marxism: A Philosophical Contribution to their Reconciliation

   Raines, J. (ed.) (2002) Marx on Religion (an anthology)

 

@ Non-Christian religions and Marx

   Ling, T. (1980) Karl Marx and Religion: In Europe and India

 

@ Marxist sociology of religion

   McKown, D.B. (1975) The Classical Marxist Critiques of Religion: Marx, Engels, Lenin, Kautsky

   Goldstein, W.S. (2005) 'Religion and Marxism', special issue of Critical Sociology 31(1-2)

   Goldstein, W.S. (ed.) (2009) Marx, Critical Theory, and Religion: A Critique of Rational Choice

 

@ Religious and mythological themes in Marx's thought

   (See also 'Money, capital and God')

   (For the themes of idolatry and fetishism, see 'Fetishism and idolatry')

   Tucker, R. (1961) Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx, 2nd ed. 1972

   Parsons, H.L. (1964) 'The prophetic mission of Karl Marx', Journal of Religion 44

   van Leeuwen, A.T. (1972) Critique of Heaven

   Gilman, S. and Saeger, R. (1973) 'Marx and the religious: the Gnostic perspective', Philosophy Today 17

   van Leeuwen, A.T. (1975) Critique of Earth

   Wessell, L.P. jr. (1979) Karl Marx, Romantic Irony and the Proletariat

   Lash, N. (1981) A Matter of Hope: A Theologian's Reflections of the Thought of Karl Marx

   Wolfson, M. (1982) Marx: Economist, Philosopher, Jew: Steps in the Development of a Doctrine

   Allen, R.T. (1993) 'Flew, Marx and Gnosticism', Philosophy 68:263

   Jeannot, T.M. (1990) Marx's use of religious metaphors', International Philosophical Quarterly 30:2

   Kovel, J. (1994) 'Marxism and spirituality' in A. Calari (ed.) Marxism in the Postmodern Age

   Brentlinger, J. (2000) 'Revolutionizing spirituality: reflections on Marxism and religion', Science & Society 64:2

   Goldstein, W.S. (2001) 'Messianism and Marxism: Walter Benjamin and Ernst Bloch's dialectical theories of secularization', Critical Soicology 27:2

   Geoghegan, V. (2002) 'Let the dead bury their dead": Marx, Derrida and Bloch', Contemporary Political Theory 1:1

 

@ 3. SPECIES-BEING AND ALIENATION (1844)

 

@ Economic and Philosphical Manuscripts and Notes on James Mill: general

   Marx (1844) Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts

   Marx (1844) Notes on James Mill

   Marx (1844-47) 'Exzerpte und Notizen: Sommer 1844 bis Anfang 1847', in MEGA 4:3, 1998

   Marcuse, H. [1932] 'The foundation of historical materialism', in his Studies in Critical Philosophy, 1972

   Lukacs, G. (1954) 'Zur philosophischen Entwicklung des jungen Marx', Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosphie 2(2), pp. 288ff

   Maguire, J. (1972) Marx's Paris Writings: An Analysis             

   Meszaros, I. (1970) Marx's Theory of Alienation, 4th ed. 1975

   Arthur, C.J. (1986) Dialectics of Labour: Marx and his Relation to Hegel, available online

 

@ Economic and Philosphical Manuscripts and Notes on James Mill: text-critical accounts and reception histories

   Evans, M. (1984) 'Karl Marx's first confrontation with political-economy - the 1844 manuscripts', Economy and Society 13(2), reprinted in A. Rattansi (ed.) Ideology, Method and Marx 1989

   Rojahn, J. (1985) 'Die Marxschen Manuskripte aus dem Jahre 1844 in ner neuen Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe', Archive für Sozlalgeschichte 25

   Maidan, M. (1990) 'The Rezeptionsgeschichte of the Paris manuscripts', History of European Ideas 12

   Chattopadhyay, P. (2004) Review of 'Karl Marx - Exzerpte und Notizen: Sommer 1844 bis Anfang 1847', Historical Materialism 12(4)

 

@ Economic theory in the 1844 writings

   Mandel, E. (1971) The Formation of the Economic Thought of Karl Marx

   Oakley, A. (1984) Marx's Critique of Political Economy: Intellectual Sources and Evolution. Volume 1: 1844 to 1860

 

@ Human nature in Marx: general

   (See also more specific topics below)

   (See also 'Feuerbach and Marx', 'Community, individuality and self-realisation as ideals in Marx', 'Aristotle's ethics and Marx', 'Kantian ethics and Marx', 'Labour in Marx', 'Labour theory of value and species-being')

   (For Marx's later views see 'Critique of morality and humanism in later Marx')

   Hegel [1821] Philosophy of Right, section on the 'system of needs'

   Marx [1843] 'On the Jewish Question'

   Marx [1844] Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts

   Marx [1844] 'Notes on James Mill'

   Marx [1867] Capital Vol. 1 [1867], ch. 7

   Marx [1875] Critique of the Gotha Programme, secs. 1-2

   Engels, F. [1876] 'The part played by labour in the transition from ape to man', in Dialectics of Nature

   Venable, V. (1945) Human Nature: The Marxian View

   Petrovic, G. (1967) 'Marx's concept of man' in his Marx in the Mid-Twentieth Cenury, reprinted in T. Bottomore (ed.) Modern Interpretations of Marx 1981

   Fetscher, I. (1970) Hegel's Lehre vom Menschen

   Ollman, B. (1971) Alienation: Marx's Conception of Man in Capitalist Society, chs. 7-17

   Fetscher, I. [1973] 'Karl Marx on human nature' in J. Cunningham Wood ed., Karl Marx's Economics: Critical Assessments, Vol. 1

   Plamenatz, J. (1975) Karl Marx's Philosophy of Man, chs. 2-3

   McMurty, J. (1978) The Structure of Marx's World View

   Seve, L. (1978) Man in Marxist Theory

   Markus, G. (1978) Marxism and Anthropology: The Concept of Human Essence in the Philosophy of Marx

   Zoolalian, D.E. (1980) 'Marx, man, and methodology: some remarks on Marx's theory of human nature', Social Praxis 7

   Geras, N. (1983) Marx and Human Nature: Refutation of a Legend

   Bien, J. (1984) History, Revolution and Human Nature: Marx's Philosophical Anthropology

+ Markovic, M. (1991) 'Human nature' in T. Bottomore (ed.) A Dictionary of Marxist Thought

   Sayers, S. (1998) Marxism and Human Nature

 

@ Species-being: the concept

   Marx [1843] ‘On the Jewish question’

   Marx [1844] Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts

   Marx [1844] 'Notes on James Mill'

   Lobkowicz, N. (1967) Theory and Practice: History of a Concept from Aristotle to Marx , ch. 23

* Colletti, L. [1969] Marxism and Hegel, tr. 1973, chs. 11-12

   Meszaros, I. (1970) Marx's Theory of Alienation, 4th (ed.) 1975

   Ilyenkov, E.V. [19?] 'The universal', in F.J. Adelmann (ed.) Philosophical Investigations in the USSR, 1975 (an alternative version of this article exists as ch. 11 of Dialectical Logic), available online

   Mahowald, M.B. (1973) 'Marx's Gemeinschaft: another interpretation', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 33

   Parekh, B. (1975) ‘Marx’s theory of man’ in B. Parekh (ed.) The Concept of Socialism

* Wood, A. (1981) Karl Marx, 2nd ed. 2004, ch. 2 'The human essence', ch. 3 'Human production'

   Wartenberg, T. (1982) '"Species-being" and "human nature" in Marx', Human Studies 5

* Margolis, J. (1992) 'Praxis and meaning: Marx's species-being and Aristotle's political animal', in G.E. McCarthy (ed.) Marx and Aristotle: Nineteenth-Century German Thought and Classical Antiquity

   Chitty, A. (1993) 'The early Marx on needs', Radical Philosophy 64

   Chitty, A. (1997) 'First person plural ontology and praxis', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 97(1)

   Chitty, A. (2009) 'Species-being and capital' in A. Chitty and M. McIvor (eds.) Karl Marx and Contemporary Philosophy

 

@ Species-being as self-creation, Marx and the posthuman and transhuman

   (Including poststructuralist versions of species-being)

   (See also 'Postmodernism and Marx', ‘Modernism and Marx’, ‘Freedom as an ideal’)

   (The posthuman is the idea of a condition in which we are no longer human beings as we have understood the idea till now, the transhuman is the idea of the transition to this condition)

   Petrovic, G. (1967) 'Marx's concept of man' in his Marx in the Mid-Twentieth Cenury, reprinted in T. Bottomore (ed.) Modern Interpretations of Marx 1981

   Kosik, K. [1967] Dialectics of the Concrete, sec. 4

* Margolis, J. (1992) 'Praxis and meaning: Marx's species-being and Aristotle's political animal', in G.E. McCarthy (ed.) Marx and Aristotle: Nineteenth-Century German Thought and Classical Antiquity

   Mulhall, S. (1993) 'Species-being, teleology and individuality. Part 1. Marx on species-being', Angelaki 3(1)

   Smith, C. (2000) Karl Marx and the Future of the Human, ch. 9 available online

   Smith, C. (2002) 'Karl Marx and human self-creation', available online

   Rikowski, G. (2003) 'Marx and the future of the human', Historical Materialism 11(2)

   Dyer-Witheford, N. (2004) 'Species-being resurgent', Constellations 11(4)

* Dyer-Witheford, N. (2004) '1844/2004/2044: the return of species-being', Historical Materialism 12(4)

 

@ Species-being and consciousness

   Markus, G. (1975) 'The Marxian concept of consciousness', Philosophy and Social Criticism 13(1)

 

@ Species-being as a normative ground, humanism , civic humanism and human flourishing  in Marx

   (Including accounts of species-being as in the process of becoming)

   (See also 'Community, individuality and self-realisation as ideals in Marx'. Accounts of individual self-realisation in Marx are here)

   (See also 'History as human self-realisation')

   (See also 'Aristotle's ethics and politics and Marx')

   (For Marx's later views see 'Critique of morality and humanism in later Marx')

   Schaff, A. (1963) A Philosophy of Man

   Fromm, E. (ed.) (1965) Socialist Humanism: An International Symposium, especially articles by Schaff and  Fritzhand

   Dupré, L. (1966) The Philosophical Foundations of Marxism

* Avineri, S. (1968) The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx

   Parsons, H.L. (1971) Humanism and Marx's Thought

   Tran, V.-T. (1971) 'Note sur le concept de "Gattungswesen" dans la pensée de Karl Marx', Revue Philosophique de Louvain 69

   Wood, A.W. (1972) 'Marx's critical anthropology', Review of Metaphysics 26(1)

   Nasser, A.G. (1975) 'Marx's ethical anthropology', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 35(4)

   Clarke, S. (1979) 'Socialist humanism and the critique of economism', History Workshop 8

   Goldstick, D. (1991) 'The 'humanism' and the humanism of Karl Marx', in The Question of Humanism: Challenges and Possibilities

   Wilde, L. (1994) 'Marx's concept of human essence and its radical critics', Studies in Marxism 1

   Wilde, L. (1998) Ethical Marxism and its Radical Critics

   Leopold, D. (2007) The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and Human Flourishing

   Evans, M. (2007) Self-realization: Politics and the Good Life in Modern Times, chs. 4-5

 

@ Species-being: sources for the idea in thinkers other than Feuerbach

   (For Feuerbach see 'Feuerbach's anthropology, species-being and anti-individualism in Feuerbach')

   Fichte, J.G. [1796] Foundations of Natural Right [Grundlage des Naturrechts nach Prinzipien der Wissenschaftslehre] part 1, §§1-4

   Hess, M. [1845] 'On the socialist movement in Germany', in his Philosophische und sozialistische Schrifte 1837-1850

   Hegel, G.W.F. [1807] Phenomenology of Spirit, §§172-4, introduction to ch. 5B (on ethical substance)

* Colletti, L. [1969] Marxism and Hegel, tr. 1973, ch. 11

* Margolis, J. (1992) 'Praxis and meaning: Marx's species-being and Aristotle's political animal', in G.E. McCarthy (ed.) Marx and Aristotle: Nineteenth-Century German Thought and Classical Antiquity

   McCarthy, G.E. (ed.) (1992) Marx and Aristotle: Nineteenth-Century German Thought and Classical Antiquity, articles by Miller, Gilbert

 

@ Labour in Marx

   (Thanks to Sean Sayers for suggestions for this and the following sections)

   (Including the rational or emancipatory or expressivist content of labour in Marx, and critiques of Marx as productivist)

   (See also 'Praxis group', 'Habermas's critique of Marx')

   (For the form of labour specific to capitalism, see 'Abstract labour and concrete labour' , 'Commodity and value-form')

   (For the abolition of labour, see 'Unalienated labour and the 'abolition of labour'')

   Engels, F. [1876] 'The part played by labour in the transition from ape to man', in Dialectics of Nature

   Baudrillard, J. [1973] The Mirror of Production, tr. 1975

   Cohen, G.A. (1974) 'Marx's dialectic of labour', Philosophy and Public Affairs 3, slightly revised as ch. 10 of Cohen's History, Labour and Freedom

   Taylor, C. (1975) Hegel, ch. 3, ch. 20 sec. 2

   Heller, A. [1978] Everyday Life (das Alltagsleben)

   Berki, R.N. (1979) 'On the nature and origins of Marx's concept of labour', Political Theory 7(1)

   Markus, G. [1980] 'Die Welt menschliche Objekte', in Arbeit, Handlung, Normativitität

   Wood, A. (1981) Karl Marx, 2nd ed. 2004, ch. 2 ‘Human production’

Ware, R. (1982) 'Marx, the division of labor and human nature', Social Theory and Practice 8

   Arthur, C.J. (1986) Dialectics of Labour: Marx and his Relation to Hegel, available online

   Wildt, A. (1987) Die Anthropologie des frühen Marx

   Sayers, S. (1998) Marxism and Human Nature

   Sayers, S. (2003) 'Creative activity and alienation in Hegel and Marx',  Historical Materialism 11(1)

   Paolucci, P. (2005) 'Assumptions of the dialectical method: the centrality of labor for the human species, its history, and individuals', Critical Sociology 31(4)

   Sayers, S. (2005) 'Why work? Marx and human nature', Science & Society 69(4), also available online

   Sayers, S. (2007) 'The concept of labor: Marx and his critics', Science & Society 71(4)

 

@ Unalienated labour and the 'abolition of labour' in Marx

   (Including also debates about whether labour is transhistorical)

   (Also discussions of the 'realm of freedom' passage in Capital volume 3)

   (See also 'Labour in Marcuse and the Frankfurt School')

   Suchting, W.A. (1962) 'Marx and Hannah Arendt's "The Human Condition"', Ethics 73

   Marcuse, H. (1969) 'The realm of freedom and the realm of necessity, a reconsideration', Praxis 5

   Andrew, E. (1970) Work and freedom in Marcuse and Marx', Canadian Journal of Political Science 3(2)

   Marcuse, H. (1973) ‘On the philosophical foundation of the concept of labour in economics’, Telos 16

   Schoolman, M. (1973) 'Further reflections on work, alienation, and freedom in Marcuse and Marx', Canadian Journal of Political Science 6

   Cohen, G.A. (1974) 'Marx's dialectic of labour', Philosophy and Public Affairs 3, slightly revised as ch. 10 of Cohen's History, Labour and Freedom

   Cohen, G.A. (1978) Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence, pp. 323-5

   Bottomore, T. (1984) 'Socialism and the division of labour', in his Sociology and Socialism

   Klagge, J.C. (1986) 'Marx's realms of 'freedom' and 'necessity'' Canadian Journal of Philosophy 16

   Gray, J. (1986) 'Marxian freedom, individual liberty, and the end of alienation', Social Philosophy and Policy

* Maidan, M. (1989) 'Alienated labour and free activity in Marx's thought', Political Science 41(1)

   Beehler, R. (1989) 'Marx on freedom and necessity', Dialogue 28(4)

   Postone, M. (1993) Time, Labour and Social Domination: A Reinterpretation of Marx's Critical Theory

* Cohen, A. (1993) 'Marx: from the abolition of labour to the abolition of the abolition of labour', History of European Ideas 17:4

   Sayers, S. (2006) 'Freedom and the "realm of necessity''', in D. Moggach (ed.) The New Hegelians: Politics and Philosophy in the  Hegelian School

   Zilbersheid, U. (2004) 'The vicissitudes of the idea of the abolition of labour in Marx's teachings - can the idea be revived?', Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory 35 (or: vol. 32 no. 1), available online

   Baum, M. (2007) ‘Freedom in Marx’, Radical Philosophy Review 10(2)

 

@ Labour in Marx: influential critiques

* Arendt, H. (1958) The Human Condition, chs. 3-4

   Suchting, W.A. (1962) 'Marx and Hannah Arendt's "The Human Condition"', Ethics 73

* Habermas, J. [1967] 'Labour and interaction: remarks on Hegel's Jena Philosophy of Mind', in his Theory and Practice, tr. J. Viertel 1973

* Baudrillard, J. [1973] The Mirror of Production, tr. 1975

   Gorz, A. (1975) Critique of Economic Reason

   Lange, E.M. (1980) Das Prinzip Arbeit

   Honneth, A. (1982) 'Work and instrumental action', New German Critique 26

   Gorz, A. (1985) Paths to Paradise 

 

@ Labour: histories of the idea

   Thompson, E.P. (1967) 'Time, work-discipline and industrial capitalism', Past and Present 38

   Sewell, W.H. Jr. (1980) Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labour from the Old Regime to 1848

   Campbell, J. (1989) Joy in Work, German Work: The National Debate 1800-1945

 

@ Labour in Ruskin and Morris

   (Not specifically Marxist)

   Ruskin, J. [1853] The Nature of Gothi. A Chapter from the Stones of Venice, 1928, also available online

   Morris, W. [1884] Art and Socialism, 2004, also available online

   Morris, W. [1884?] 'Art under plutocracy', in A.L. Morton (ed.) Political Writings of William Morris, 1973

   Morris, W. [1892] ' Preface to The Nature of Gothic', in his News from Nowhere and Other Writings, ed. C. Wilmer, 1993, also available online

 

@ Labour: contemporary discussions

   Creegan, R.F. (1951) 'The category of work', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 11

   Kwsant, R.C. (1960) Philosophy of Labor

   Braverman, H. (1974) Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century

   Meakin, D. (1976) Man and Work

   Anthony, P.D. (1978) The Ideology of Work

   Wood, S. (ed.) (1982) The Degradation of Work?

   Thompson, P.B. (1983) The Nature of Work: An Introduction to Debates on the Labour Process

   Lazzarato, M. (1996) 'Immaterial labor', in P. Virno and M. Hardt (eds.) Radical Thought in Italy: A Potential Politics

   Llorente, R. (2006) 'Analytical Marxism and the division of labor', Science & Society 70(2)

 

@ Needs in Marx

   (Including true and false needs)

   O'Malley, J. (1966) 'History and man's 'nature' in Marx', Review of Politics 28

   Heller, A. [1974] The Theory of Need in Marx, tr. 1976

   Lebowitz, M.A. (1979) 'Heller on Marx's concept of needs', Science & Society 43:3, pp. 349-355

   Stillman, P. (1983) 'Scarcity, sufficiency and abundance: Hegel and Marx on material needs and satisfactions', International Political Science Review 4:3

   Heller, A. (1985) 'Can "true" and "false" needs be posited?', in Heller's The Power of Shame: A Rational Perspective

   Berry, C.J. (1987) 'Need and egoism in Marx's early writings', History of Political Thought 8:3, Winter 1987, reprinted in Cowling and Wilde (eds.) Approaches to Marx

   Chitty, A. (1993) 'The early Marx on needs', Radical Philosophy 64

   Hughes, J. (2000) Ecology and Historical Materialism, ch. 7  'Capitalism, socialism and the satisfaction of needs'

   Fraser, I. (1998) Hegel and Marx: The Concept of Need

   Sayers, S. (1998) Marxism and Human Nature

 

@ Needs and desires (in general)

   Maslow, A.H. (1954) Motivation and Personality, 2nd ed. 1970, ch. 4

   Bookchin, M. [1967] 'Desire and need', in Post-Scarcity Anarchism, 1971

   White, A.R. (1975) Modal Thinking, ch. on need

   Springborg, P. (1981) The Problem of Human Needs and the Critique of Civilisation

   Soper, K. (1981) On Human Needs

   Wiggins, D. (1986) 'Claims of need', in his Needs Values Truth

   Doyal, L. and Gough, I. (1991) A Theory of Human Needs

 

@ Alienation in Marx's early writings: general accounts

   ('Alienation' here is used as a vague term to cover either of Marx's two terms Entäusserung or Entfremdung. L. Colletti (ed.) Early Writings and the Collected Works translate Entäusserung as 'alienation' and Entfremdung as 'estrangement'. L. Easton and K. Guddat (eds.) The Writings of the Young Marx on Philosophy and Society translate Entäusserung as 'externalisation' and Entfremdung as 'alienation'. T. Bottomore (ed.) Karl Marx: Early Writings translates both words as 'alienation'.)

   (For Entäusserung in particular see 'Alienation as collective self-subordination')

   On the Jewish Question [1843]

   Notes on James Mill [1844] (also known as Excerpt-notes of 1844 etc.)

   Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts [1844] (esp. sec. on 'alienated labour')

   Theses on Feuerbach

   Marcuse, H. (1941) Reason and Revolution, part 2 ch. 1

   Popitz, H. (1953) Der entfrmdete Mensch. Zeitkritik und Geschichtsphilosophie des Jungen Marx (Leopold 2007 92)

   Löwith, K. (1954) 'Man's self-alienation in the early writings of Marx', Social Research 21, reprinted in Löwith's Nature, History and Existentialism, and in Jessop and Malcolm-Brown (eds.) Karl Marx's Social and Political Thought: Critical Assessments

   Tucker, R. (1961) Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx, 2nd ed. 1972, chs. 2-7, esp. ch. 3

   Bloch, E. [1962] 'Entfremdung, Verfremdung: alienation, estrangement', TDR: The Drama Review 15(1) 1970

   Rotenstreich, N. (1965) Basic Problems of Marx's Philosophy, ch. 7

   Lobkowicz, N. (1967) Theory and Practice: History of a Concept from Aristotle to Marx, chs. 20-22

   Avineri, S. (1968) The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx, ch. 4

   West, E.G. (1969) ‘The political economy of alienation: Karl Marx and Adam Smith’, Oxford Economic Papers 21(1)

   Meszaros, I. (1970) Marx's Theory of Alienation, 4th ed. 1975 (with English translations of quotes from Marx), chs. 3, (4-7)

+ Giddens, A (1971) Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, ch. 1

   Ollman, B. (1971) Alienation: Marx's Conception of Man in Capitalist Society, chs. 18-24 (partly available online)

   Schacht, R. (1971) Alienation, ch. 3

   Maguire, J. (1972) Marx's Paris Writings: An Analysis

   Nozick, R. (1974) Anarchy State and Utopia, pp. 246-250 'Meaningful work', pp. 250-253 'Workers' control', pp. 268-271 'Having a say over what affects you'

   Plamenatz, J. (1975) Karl Marx's Philosophy of Man, chs. 4-6

   Kolakowski, L. (1978)  Main Currents in Marxism Vol. 1, ch. 6

   Agassi, J.B. (1978-79) 'Alienation from work: a conceptual analysis', Philosophical Forum 10

   Walliman, I. (1981) Estrangement: Marx's Conception of Human Nature and the Division of Labour

   Wood, A. (1981) Karl Marx, 2nd ed. 2004, chs. 1-3

   Clarke, S. (1982) Marx, Marginalism and Modern Sociology: From Adam Smith to Max Weber

   Markus, G. (1982) 'Alienation and reification in Marx and Lukacs', Thesis Eleven 5/6

   Elster, J. (1985) Making Sense of Marx, secs. 2.2, 2.3, ch. 9

* Arthur, C.J. (1986) Dialectics of Labour: Marx and his Relation to Hegel, chs. 1-2, available online

   Churchich, N. (1990) Marxism and Alienation

+ Wolff, J. (1992) 'Playthings of alien forces: Karl Marx and the rejection of the market economy', Cogito 6:1, reprinted in  N. Warburton, J. Pike and D. Matravers (eds.) Philosophy: Basic Readings, 1999

 

@ Phenomenology of Spirit and Marx

   (For alienation in Hegel vs. in Marx 'A Hegel bibliography: 'Alienation and externalisation in Hegel')

   (For early Marx's critique of Hegel in general see 'Hegel and Marx')

   (For the later Marx on Hegel see 'Method of  Capital')

   Marx, K. [1844] Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, final section: 'Critique of Hegel's dialectic'

   Marx, 'Hegel's construction of the Phenomenology' [1844], Marx and Engels, Collected Works, vol. 4,  p. 665

   Arthur, C.J. (1983) 'Hegel's master/slave dialectic and a myth of Marxology', New Left Review 142, reworked as ch. 7 of Arthur's Dialectics of Labour: Marx and his Relation to Hegel, available online

 

@ Alienation: sources for Marx's concept in other thinkers (religious thinkers, Fichte, Feuerbach)

   Rousseau [1755] The Social Contract, book 1 chs. 1-6, book 2 ch. 1

   Fichte [1792] Attempt at a Critique of all Revelation

   Fichte [1794] Science of Knowledge, CUP, 1982, see esp. p. 154

   Rancières, J. [1965] 'The concept of critique and the critique of political economy', Theoretical Practice 1,2,6 (Jan 1971, Apr 1971, May 1972)

   Rotenstreich, N. (1965) Basic Problems of Marx's Philosophy, ch. 7

   Lobkowicz, N. (1967) Theory and Practice: History of a Concept from Aristotle to Marx, chs. 20-22

   Meszaros, I. (1970) Marx's Theory of Alienation, 4th (ed.) 1975, ch. 1

   Schacht, R. (1971) Alienation, ch. 1

   Arthur, C.J. (1986) Dialectics of Labour: Marx and his Relation to Hegel, appendix, available online

* Inwood, M. (1992) A Hegel Dictionary pp. 35-38

 

@ Alienation as a psychological condition

   (As meaninglessness, anomie)

   Braybrooke, D. (1958) 'Diagnosis and remedy in Marx's doctrine of alienation', Social Research

   Parsons, H.L. (1964) 'Value and mental health in the thought of Marx', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 24

   Wood, A. (1981) Karl Marx, 2nd ed. 2004, ch. 1

   Lukes, S. (1967) 'Alienation and anomie', in P. Laslett and W. Runciman (eds.) Philosophy, Politics and Society, also in A.W. Finifter (ed.) Alienation and the Social System 1972

   Bronfenbrenner, M. (1973) 'A harder look at alienation', Ethics 83

 

@ Psychoanalysis and Marx

   (See also 'Marcuse')

   Fromm, E. (1961) 'Preface' to Marx's Concept of Man

   O'Neill, N. (19?) 'Marxism and psychology', in M. Shaw (ed.) Marxist Sociology Revisited

 

@ Alienation as collective self-subordination, autonomisation, inversion in the early writings

   (This is the theme of humans' subordination to the system of their own activity)

   (See also 'Freedom as an ideal in Marx')

   (For this theme in Grundrisse and Capital see 'Capital as subject')

   The German Ideology [1845] ch. 1, passage on fixation of social activity as an alien power (Collected Works Vol. 5 pp. 46-52, The German Ideology (ed.) C. Arthur pp. 52-57, Selected Writings (ed.) D. McLellan pp. 168-172, Selected Writings in Three Volumes Moscow 1969 Vol. 1 pp. 34-40)

   The German Ideology [1845] ch. 1, passage on freedom and overcoming thing-like social relations, in Marx and Engels, Collected Works, Vol. 5, pp. 77-81; or in Marx and Engels, The German Ideology, (ed.) C. Arthur, pp. 83-86; or in Marx and Engels, Selected Works in Three Volumes, 1969, Vol. 1, pp. 65-69

   Levine, A. (1978) 'Alienation as heteronomy', Philosophical Forum 8

+ Wolff, J. (1992) 'Playthings of alien forces: Karl Marx and the rejection of the market economy', Cogito 6:1, reprinted in N. Warburton (ed.) Philosophy: Basic Readings, 1999

   Schmitt, R. (1996) 'Marx's concept of alienation', Topoi, 15:2

   Holloway, J. (1997) 'A note on alienation', Historical Materialism 1(1)

 

@ Exchange as source of alienation

   Notes on James Mill

   Baudrillard, J [1976] Symbolic Exchange and Death, tr. 1993

   Chitty, A. (1993) 'The early Marx on needs', Radical Philosophy 64

 

@ Species-being and alienation in Marx's later writings, the 'epistemological break' debate

   (See also ‘Species-being and alienation in value theory’)

   (For commentary focused on the ideas of inversion and collective self-subordination in the later Marx see 'Capital as subject')

   Kamenka, E. (1962) The Ethical Foundations of Marxism, 2nd ed. 1972, ch. 14 also available online

   Korsch, K. (1963) Karl Marx

   O'Neill, J. (1964) 'The concept of estrangement in the earlier and later writings of Karl Marx', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, reprinted in Sociology as a Skin Trade 1972

* Althusser, L. [1965] For Marx, 'Introduction' [1965], 'Marxism and humanism' [1964], and 'On the young Marx' [1960] also available online (claims there is an epistemological break between the pre-1845-6 and the post-1845-6 Marx)

   Fetscher, I. (1967) 'The young and the old Marx' in N. Lobkowicz (ed.) Marx and the Western World

* Meszaros, I. (1970) Marx's Theory of Alienation, 4th (ed.) 1975, ch. 8

   Kolakowski, L. (1971) 'Althusser's Marx' in R. Miliband and J. Saville (eds.) Socialist Register 1971

   Lewis, J. (1972) 'The Althusser case', Marxism Today, Jan. 1972, pp. 23-28; Feb 1972, pp. 43-48

   Cornforth, M. (1973) 'Some comments on Louis Althusser's reply to John Lewis', Marxism Today, May 1973, pp. 139-47

   Evans, M. (1974) 'More Marx studies', Political Studies 22:2

   Thomas, P. (1976) 'Marx and science', Political Studies 24:1

   LeoGrande, W.M. (1977) ‘An investigation into the “Young Marx” controversy’, Science and Society 41(2)

   Hunt, E.K. (1978) ‘A comment on William LeoGrande’s approach to the “Young Marx”’, Science and Society 42(1)

   Elliott, J.E. (1979) 'Continuity and change in the evolution of Marx's theory of alienation', History of Political Economy 11

   Hammen, O.J. (1980) 'A note on the alienation motif in Marx', Political Theory 8(2)

   Honneth, A. (1982) 'Labour and instrumental action: on the normative basis of critical theory', New German Critique, reprinted in C. Wright (ed.) The Fragmented World of the Social: Essays in Social and Political Philosophy 1994

   Geras, N. (1983) Marx and Human Nature: Refutation of a Legend

   Elster, J. (1985) Making Sense of Marx, pp. 74-78, 100-107

   Cowling, M. (1989) 'The case for the two Marxes restated' in M. Cowling and L. Wilde (eds.) Approaches to Marx

   Sayers, S. (1998) Marxism and Human Nature, ch 5 'Alienation and economic development'

   Cowling, M. (2006) 'Alienation in the older Marx', Contemporary Political Theory 5(3)

   Wendling, A. (2009) Karl Marx on Technology and Alienation

 

@ Species-being and alienation in value theory

   (On the relationship between the concepts of value / abstract labour / capital / fetishism in Capital and those of human essence / species-being /alienation in the early writings)

   (For the debate on the relationship between alienation and Marx's in general see 'Species-being and alienation in Marx's later writings')

   (See also 'Commodity and value-form')

   Marcuse, H. [1941] Reason and Revolution (New York,1967), pp. 280, 303-4

   Colletti, L. [1968] 'Bernstein and the Marxism of the Second International' in From Rousseau to Lenin, section on 'The Labour theory of value' and the following two sections

   Hartmann, K. (1970) Die Marxsche Theorie

   Geras, N. (1971) 'Essence and appearance: aspects of fetishism in Marx's Capital', New Left Review 65, also in Geras's Literature of Revolution, also (under the title 'Marx and the critique of political economy') in R. Blackburn (ed.) Ideology in Social Science

+ Perlman, F. (1973) 'Introduction' to I.I. Rubin, Essays on Marx's Theory of Value

   Kolakowski, L. (1978) Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1: The Founders, OUP, pp. 172-173, 177-181, 262-287

   Hunt, E.K. (1982) 'Marx's concept of human nature and the labor theory of value', Review of Radical Political Economics 14(2)

   Smith, M.E.G. (1994) 'Alienation, exploitation and abstract labor a humanist defense of Marx's theory of value', Review of Radical Political Economics 26(1)

 

@ Alienation-based accounts of the later Marx

   Ollman, B. (1971) Alienation: Marx's Conception of Man in Capitalist Society, chs. 25-31 (partly available online)

   Wilde, L. (1998) Ethical Marxism and its Radical Critics

   Holloway, J. (2002) Change the World Without Taking Power

 

@ Property in the early Marx

   (Including the idea that alienated labour is the basis of private property)

   Notes on James Mill [1844]

   Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts [1844], section on 'private property and communism'

   Lobkowicz, N. (1967) Theory and Practice: History of a Concept from Aristotle to Marx, pp. 367-72

   Brenkert, G.G. (1979) 'Freedom and private property', Philosophy and Public Affairs 8, reprinted in M. Cohen et al. Marx, Justice and History 1980

   Stillman, P.G. (1980) "Property, freedom and individuality in Hegel's and Marx's political thought", in J.R. Pennock (ed.) Property

   Clarke, S. (1982) Marx, Marginalism and Modern Sociology: From Adam Smith to Max Weber

 

@ Egoism, identity, subject and subjectivity in Marx

   (Marx's analysis of the formation of individual identity, especially egoistic identity)

   (Individuation, identity, egoism/moralism split, public/private split, personification)

   (Including idea of individuals as 'bearers' or personifications of social relations of production)

   (And idea of real subsumption of human psychology)

   (For critiques of contemporary political constructivism based on these ideas in Marx, see A political philosophy bibliography: 'Marxist critiques of constructivism and humanism')

   (See also Ralph Dumain's 'Marx and the individual reconsidered' bibliography)

   (See also 'Community, individuality and self-realisation as ideals in Marx')

   (See also 'Anarchism and Marx')

   (See also 'Separation of state and civil society')

   (See also 'Productive forces and social relations of production')

   (see also 'Critique of morality and humanism in Marx')

   (See also 'Fetishism and reification' below, in that this goes hand in hand with personification)

   (For the idea of the sociality of consciousness, see A Hegel bibliography: 'Social accounts of selfhood')

   Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, tr. J. O'Malley, pp. 31-32, 77, 80, 107

   On the Jewish Question, part 1

   Notes on James Mill

   The German Ideology CW5, pp. 46-47, 60-61, 78-81, 213, 245-256, 439

   A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (Lawrence and Wishart, London, 1971), pp. 95, 188-9

   Grundrisse, pp. 156-165, 239-247, 297, 459-465, 471-497, 541, 717-718

   Capital Vol. 3 (Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1966), pp. 779; 818-824

   Theories of Surplus Value, Vol. 1 (Lawrence and Wishart, London, 1969), pp. 170, 409

   Theories of Surplus Value, Vol. 3, (Lawrence and Wishart, London, 1972), pp. 315, 514

   Seve, L. [1969] Man in Marxist Theory

   O'Malley, J. (1970) Introduction' to K. Marx, Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, ed. O'Malley, sec. 5

   Sax, B.C. (1984) 'Marx's dialectic of identity: the interlocking languages of the individual and structures in the German Ideology', Studies in Soviet Thought (now Studies in East European Thought) 27:4, 289-318

   Sayer, D. (1987) The Violence of Abstraction

   Sayer, D. (1991) Capitalism and Modernity: An Excursus on Marx and Weber, esp. ch. 2 'Power and the subject'

   Read, J. (2003) The Micro-Politics of Capital: Marx and the Prehistory of the Present

   Rikowski, G. (2003) 'Marx and the future of the human', Historical Materialism 11:2

   Sayers, S. (2007) 'Individual and society in Marx and Hegel: beyond the communitarian critique of liberalism", Science & Society 71(1)

 

@ History in the early writings (1837-44)

   Popitz, H. (1953) Der entfremdete Mensch. Zeitkritik und Geschichtsphilosophie des Jungen Marx

   Adamson, W.L. (1981) 'Marx's four histories: an approach to his intellectual development', History and Theory 20(4 )

 

@ Habermas's critique of Marx

   (The basic claim is that Marx reduces praxis to poesis and eliminates recognition (or 'interaction'))

   (On the issue of  the rational or emancipatory content of labour in general see 'Labour as intrinsically emancipatory')

   Habermas, J. [1963] 'Between philosophy and science: Marxism as critique', in Theory and Practice, reprinted in Seidman (ed.)

   Habermas, J. [1967] 'Labour and interaction: remarks on Hegel's Jena Philosophy of Mind', in his Theory and Practice, tr. J. Viertel 1973

   Habermas, J. [1968] Knowledge and Human Interests, chs. 2-3

   Wellmer, A. (1969?) The Critical Theory of Society, ch. 2

   Habermas, J. (1975) 'The place of philosophy in Marxism', Insurgent Sociologist 5(2), pp 41-48

   Sensat, J. Jr. (1979) Habermas and Marxism: An Appraisal

   Heller, A. (1982) 'Habermas and Marxism' in J.B. Thompson and D. Held (eds.) Habermas: Critical Debates

   Giddens, A. (1982) 'Labour and interaction' in J.B. Thompson and D. Held (eds.) Habermas: Critical Debates

   Habermas, J. (1982) 'A reply to my critics' in J.B.Thompson and D. and Held (eds.) Habermas: Critical Debates

   Habermas, J. [1985] The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, tr. 1990., lecture 3 secs. 2-3

   Postone, M. (1993) Time, Labour and Social Domination,  ch. 6 'Habermas's critique of Marx'

   Toddington, S. (1993) Rationality, Social Action and Moral Judgement, c. pp. 122-3, 213-4, 225

   Moggach, D. (1994) 'Marx and German Idealism: labour and the transcendental synthesis', History of European Ideas 19:1-3

   Doveton, D. (1994) 'Marx and Engels on democracy', History of Political Thought 15(4)

 

@ Ecology and Marx: general

   (Including the 'resurrection of nature')

   (For more specific topics, see 'Anthropocentrism and mastery of nature', 'Animals', and 'Malthus and Marx')

   (For ecology and socialism see that topic in A political philosophy bibliography)

   (See also 'Frankfurt School on nature and ecology')

   (See also 'Materialism in Marx’ and 'Praxis, Theses on Feuerbach')

   Gorz, A. (1980) Ecology and Politics

   Lee , D.C. (1982) 'Toward a Marxian ecological ethic: a response to two critics', Environmental Ethics 4

   Bahro, R. (1982) Socialism and Survival

   Redclift, M.R. (1985) Marxism and the Environment: A View from the Periphery in Political Action and Social Identity

   Leff, E. [1986] Green Production: Toward an Environmental Rationality, tr. 1995, first essay

   Altvater, A. (1991) The Future of the Market, tr. 1993, ch. 5

   Grundmann, R. (1991) Marxism and Ecology

   Benton, T. (1993) Natural Relations: Ecology, Animal Rights and Social Justice

   Benton, T. et al. (1995) What on Earth is to be Done?: A Red-Green Dialogue

   Bookchin, M. (1995) Re-enchanting Humanity

   Benton, T. (ed.) (1996) The Greening of Marxism

   Sundarararjan, P.T.S. (1996) 'From Marxian ecology to ecological Marxism', Science & Society 60:3

   Foster, J.B. (1999) Marx's Ecology: Materialism and Nature

   Hughes, J. (2000) Ecology and Historical Materialism

 

@ Anthropocentrism and the mastery of nature

   Leiss, W. (1972) The Domination of Nature

   Lee, D.C. (1980) 'On the Marxian view of the relationship between man and nature', Environmental Ethics 2, pp. 3-16

   Tolman, C. (1981) 'Karl Marx, alienation and the mastery of nature', Environmental Ethics 3, pp. 63-73

   Lee, D.C. (1982) 'Towards a Marxian ecological ethic: a response to two critics', Environmental Ethics 4, pp. 339-343

   Clark, J.P. (1989) 'Marx's inorganic body', Environmental Ethics 11

   Benton, T. (1989) 'Marxism and natural limits: an ecological critique and reconstruction', New Left Review 178

   Grundmann, R. (1991) 'The ecological challenge to Marxism', New Left Review 187

   Grundmann, R. (1991) Marxism and Ecology

   Benton, T. (1992) 'Ecology, socialism and the mastery of nature: a reply to Reiner Grundmann', New Left Review 194

   Soper, K. (1991) 'Greening Prometheus: Marxism and ecology', in P. Osborne (ed.) Socialism and the Limits of Liberalism

   Stanley, J.L. (1991) 'Marx, Engels and the administration of nature', History of Political Thought 9:3

   Dickens, P. (1992) Society and Nature: Towards a Green Social Theory

   O'Neill, J. (1994) 'Humanism and nature', Radical Philosophy 66

   Dickens, P. (1996) Reconstructing Nature: Alienation, Emancipation and the Division of Labour

   Lee, K. (1996) ‘Homo Faber: the ontological category of modernity’, in I. Hampsher-Monk and J. Stanyer (eds) Contemporary Political Studies 1996: Proceedings of the Political Studies Association Conference, 1996, 3 volumes

   Hughes, J. (1999) The Ecological Implications of Historical Materialism, sec. 1.3 'Values, interests and the environment' (on anthropocentrism)

 

@ Animals

   Benton, T. (1988) 'Humanism = speciesism: Marx on humans and animals', Radical Philosophy, reprinted in Sayers and Osborne eds

   Hughes, J. (1999) The Ecological Implications of Historical Materialism, sec. 6.3 'Animal needs, workers needs and human needs'

   Sanbonmatsu, J. (2007) 'The subject of freedom at the end of history: socialism beyond humanism', American Journal of Economics and Sociology 66(1)

 

@ Malthus and Marx

   (The idea of ecological limits, the ideology of Malthusianism)

   Grundrisse c. pp. 605-610

   Engels, F. [1844] Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy, in CW3, c. pp. 439-440

   Enzensberger, H.M. (1974) 'A critique of political ecology', New Left Review 84

   Matthews, W.H. (1976) 'The concept of outer limits' in his Outer Limits and Human Needs

   Walker, K.J. (1979) 'Ecological limits and Marxist thought', Politics 14:1, pp. 29-46

   Benton, T. (1989) 'Marxism and natural limits: an ecological critique and reconstruction', New Left Review 178

   Benton, T. (1991) 'The Malthusian challenge: ecology, natural limits and human emancipation', in P. Osborne (ed.) Socialism and the Limits of Liberalism

   Hughes, J. (1998?) The Ecological Implications of Historical Materialism, ch. 2 'Marxism and the green Malthusians'

 

@ Art in Marx

   Lenin, V.I., On Literature and Art, tr. 1970

   Lifshitz [1933] The Philosophy of Art of Karl Marx, tr. 1973

   Fischer, E. (1959) The Necessity of Art: A Marxist Approach

   Arvon, H. (1973) Marxist Aesthetics

   Baxandall, L. and Morawski, S. (eds.) (1974) Karl Marx / Frederick Engels on Literature and Art : A Selection of Writings

   Taylor, R. (1978) Art and the Enemy of the People

   Rose, M.A. (1984) Marx's Lost Aesthetic: Karl Marx and the Visual Arts

   Watson, B. (1998) Art, Class and Cleavage

 

@ 4. MATERIALISM AND PRAXIS (MAINLY 1845-46)

 

@ Marx's view of philosophy, theory and practice

   (Including the idea of philosophy as a force for change in the early Marx (the relation between theory and practice) and his later critique of philosophy and metaphysics)

   (See also 'Young Hegelians')

   Notebooks on Epicurean Philosophy [1839], passage on philosophy becoming worldly, CW1 pp. 491-493

   Doctoral Dissertation [1841], two passages on philosophy, CW1 pp. 30-31, 84-86

   'The leading article in no. 179 of the Kölnische Zeitung' [Jun-Jul 1842], part 3, CW1 pp. 195-202

   Letters to Ruge from the Franco-German Yearbook [Mar-Sep 1843], CW3 pp. 133-146

   Lawrnce, C. (1949) 'Roots of the Marxist concept of practice', Science and Society13:3

   Livergood, N. (1967) Activity in Marx's Philosophy, introductory remarks

   Caton, H. (1972) 'Marx's sublation of philosophy into praxis', Review of Metaphysics 26:2

   Kalin, M.G. (1979) 'Marx against metaphysics', Metaphilosophy 10

+ Callinicos, A. (1983) Marxism and Philosophy

 

@ Philosophy of Marx

   (Attempts to elucidate Marx's own philosophical standpoint)

   Rotenstreich, N. (1965) Basic Problems of Marx's Philosophy

   Turner, D. (1968) On the Philosophy of Karl Marx

   Henry, M. [1976] Karl Marx: A Philosophy of Human Reality

   McBride, L.A. (1977) The Philosophy of Marx

   Balibar, E. [1993] The Philosophy of Marx, tr. 1995

   Rockmore, T. (2002) Marx after Marxism: The Philosophy of Karl Marx

 

@ Materialism in Marx, Marx's metaphysics and philosophy of nature

   (From the Doctoral Dissertation on)

   (Includes discussions on metaphysics of freedom vs. determinism in Marx; for this in relation to his theory of history see ‘~ Determinism, inevitability and agency in Marx’s theory of history’; for freedom as a normative ideal in Marx see 'Freedom as an ideal')

   (For material exclusively on the Doctoral Dissertation see 'Doctoral dissertation')

   (For praxis-based epistemology and ontology in Marx see 'Praxis, Theses on Feuerbach')

   (For relation between ontological and historical materialism, see 'Ontological and historical materialism')

   (For dialectics of nature in 20th century Marxism see '20th century Marxism: materialism, dialectics of nature, and dialectical method')

   (For Marx's conception of science, see 'Dialectical exposition and dialectical method in general, Marx's conception of science')

   (For ecologically oriented discussions see 'Ecology and Marx: general')

   (For the concept of nature in ecological thought, see A political philosophy bibliography: 'Ecological political theory')

   Doctoral Dissertation [1841]

* The Holy Family [1844], ch. 6, sec. on 'Critical battle against French materialism'

* Theses on Feuerbach [1845] (in editions of The German Ideology)

   The German Ideology [1845-46], see index

   Engels [wr. 1873-86, pub. 1925] Dialectics of Nature, 'Introduction', 'Old Preface to Anti-Dühring', 'Dialectics'

   Engels, F

   van Leeuwen, A. (1974) Critique of Earth, ch. 1

* Ruben, D.H. (1977) Marxism and Materialism: A Study in Marxist Theory of Knowledge

   Norman, R. and Sayers, S. (1980) Hegel, Marx and Dialectic: A Debate

   Smith, G. (1981) 'Sinful science: Marx's theory of freedom from thesis to theses', History of Political Thought 2

* Wood, A. (1981) Karl Marx, 2nd ed. 2004, chs. 11-14

   Welty, G. (1983) 'Marx, Engels and dialectics', Political Studies 31

   Bender, F.L. (1983) 'Marx, materialism and the limits of philosophy', Studies in Soviet Thought (now Studies in East European Thought) 25(2)

   Levine, N. (1984) Dialogue within the Dialectic, ch. 3

   Sayer, D. (1987) The Violence of Abstraction, ch. 4  'Ideal superstructures'

* Kline, G.L. (1988) ‘The myth of Marx’s materialism’, in H. Dahm et al. (eds) Philosophical Sovietology: The Pursuit of a Science, reprinted in S. Meikle (ed.) Marx 2002

   Bhaskar, R. (1989) Reclaiming Reality, ch. 7

   Stanley, J.L. (1997) 'Marx's critique of Hegel's philosophy of nature', Science & Society 61:4

   Pomeroy, A.F. (2004) Marx and Whitehead: Process, Dialectics, and the Critique of Capitalism

   Holt, J. (2009) Karl Marx's Philosophy of Nature, Action and Society: A New Analysis

 

@ Theses on Feuerbach, the concept of praxis in Marx

   (Including Marx's account of action)

   (Including praxis-based, pragmatist and anti-realist interpretations of Marx’s ontology and epsitemology)

   (See also '20th century Marxism: praxis-based epistemology and ontology')

   (For the relation between theory and practice – i.e. political practice – see 'Marx's view of philosophy,  theory and practice')

   (For Marx's relation to Feuerbach in general see 'Feuerbach's politics, Feuerbach and Marx')

* Theses on Feuerbach [1845] (in editions of The German Ideology)

   Notes on Wagner, the beginning

   Rotenstreich, N. (1965) Basic Problems of Marx's Philosophy

   Livergood, N. (1967) Activity in Marx's Philosophy

   Seidel, H. (1966) 'Vom praktischen und theoretischen Verhältnis der Menschen zur Wikrlichkeit', Deutsche Zietshrift für Philosophie, 14th year, issue 10

   Lobkowicz, N. (1967) Theory and Practice: History of a Concept from Aristotle to Marx, ch. 17 'Feuerbach'

   Schmidt, A. [196?] The Concept of Nature in Marx, tr. 1971

   Kolakowski, L. (1969) 'Karl Marx and the classical definition of truth', in his Marxism and Beyond

   Chakravarti, S. (1976) 'Praxis and nature', Dialectics and Humanism 3

   McMurty, J. (1978) The Structure of Marx's World View

   Kolakowski, L. (1978)  Main Currents in Marxism Vol. 1, ch. 16 'Recapitulation and philosophical commentary'

   Goldstick, D. (1978) 'Activism and scientism in the interpretation of Karl Marx's first and third Theses on Feuerbach' Philosophical Forum 8

   Baronovitch, L. (1978) 'Marx's Theses on Feuerbach: from real humanism to real possibility', Philosophical Forum 8

   Bloch, E. [1968] 'Changing the world: Marx's theses on Feuerbach', in On Karl Marx

   Kolakowski, L. (196?) Toward a Marxist Humanism

   Henry, M. [1976] Karl Marx: A Philosophy of Human Reality

   Suchting, W. (1979) 'Marx's Theses on Feuerbach: a new translation and notes towards a commentary', in J. Mepham and D.-H. Ruben (eds.) Issues in Marxist Philosophy. Vol. 2: Materialism

   Hoffman, P. (1982) The Anatomy of Idealism: Passivity and Activity in Kant, Hegel and Marx

   Giles-Peters, A. (1985) 'Objectless activity: Marx's 'Theses on Feuerbach'', Inquiry 28

   Leff, E. [1986] Green Production: Toward an Environmental Rationality, tr. 1995, first essay

   Labica, G. (1987) Karl Marx, les Thèses sur Feuerbach

   Margolis, J. (1992) 'Praxis and meaning: Marx's species-being and Aristotle's political animal', in G.E. McCarthy (ed.) Marx and Aristotle: Nineteenth-Century German Thought and Classical Antiquity

   Thomson, E. (1994) 'The sparks that dazzle rather than illuminate: a new look at Marx's "Theses on Feuerbach"' Nature, Society, and Thought  7(3)

   MacIntyre, A. (1994) 'The Theses on Feuerbach: a road not taken', in C. Gould (ed.) Artifacts, Representations and Social Practice

 

@ Epistemology of Marx

   Hudson, R. (1982) 'Marx's empiricism', Philosophy of the Social Sciences 12

   Farr, J. (1983) 'Marx no empiricist', Philosophy of the Social Sciences 13

   Little, D. (1986) The Scientific Marx

   Murray, P. (1988) Marx's Theory of Scientific Knowledge

 

@ 5. HISTORY AND IDEOLOGY (MAINLY 1845-48)

 

@ Theory of history: texts

   (For the development of Marx's theory of history see 'History in the early political writings (1837-44)')

* Marx and Engels [1845-46] The German Ideology, ch. 1 'Feuerbach'

   Marx [1846] ‘Letter to Annenkov’, 28 Dec 1846

* Marx and Engels [1848] The Communist Manifesto

   Marx [1852] The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (Marx's historical method applied to 19C France)

   Marx, 'The British rule in India', 'The future results of the British rule in India', in D. Fernbach (ed.) Surveys from Exile

   Marx [1857] Introduction to Grundrisse, last section

   Marx [1857-58] Grundrisse, section on ‘Precapitalist economic formations’

* Marx [1859] Preface to Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy

   Marx [1873] Afterword (or Postface) to 2nd edition of Capital volume 1

   Engels [1890] 'Letter to J. Bloch', 21 Sep 1890

   Engels [1890] 'Letter to C. Schmidt', 27 Oct 1890

 

@ Theory of history: introductions

   Prinz, A.M. (1969) 'Background and ulterior motive of Marx's "Preface" of 1859', Journal of the History of Ideas 30

   Kolakowski, L. (1978) Main Currents in Marxism Vol. 1, ch. 14

   Ball, T. (1991) 'History: irony and critique' in Carver ed. The Cambridge Companion to Marx

   Rigby, S.H. (1987) Marxism and History: A Critical Introduction, 2nd ed. 1998

   McCarney, J. (1990) Social Theory and the Crisis of Marxism, ch. 8 'Reason in history'

   Blackledge, P. (2006) Reflections on the Marxist Theory of History

 

@ Theory of history: fuller discussions

   (On historical individuation process, see 'Individual, identity, subject and subjectification in Marx')

   (See also 'Recognition in Marxist historiography')

   Plekhanov, G.V. [1895] The Development of the Monist View of History

   Labriola, A. [1896] Essays on the Materialist Conception of History

* Cohen, G.A. (1978) Karl Marx's Theory of History

   Rader, M. (1979) Marx's Interpretation of History

   McLellan, G. (1981) Marxism and the Methodologies of History

   Larrain, J. (1986) A Reconstruction of Historical Materialism

   Sayer, D. (1987) The Violence of Abstraction

   Wood, E.M. (1995) Democracy Against Capitalism: Renewing Historical Materialism

 

@ Theory of history: class-struggle centred interpretations

   Thompson, E. (1966) The Making of the English Working Class

   Wood, E.M. (1995) Democracy Against Capitalism

 

@ Teleology in Marx's theory of history, history as human self-realisation

   (For history as the development of freedom see ‘Modernism in Marx’)

   (See also 'Species-being as a normative ground, humanism, civic humanism and self-realisation in Marx')

   (See also ‘Communism as emergent of out of capitalism’)

   Tucker, R.C. (1968) 'Marx and the end of history', Diogenes 16(64)

   Chitty, A. (1994) 'Marx, moral consciousness and history', in C. Bertram and A. Chitty (eds.) Has History Ended?

 

@ Theory of history: method

   Sayer, D. (1975) 'Method and dogma in historical materialism', Sociological Review 23(4)

   Markus, G. (1990) "Marxism and theories of culture", Thesis Eleven 25

Fracchia, J. (1991) 'Marx's Aufhebung of philosophy and the foundations of a materialist science of history', History and Theory 30(2)

 

@ Determinism, inevitability and agency in Marx’s theory of history

   (Including the 'economist vs. voluntarist' debate about the degree to which revolutionary action is possible autonomously of economic conditions)

   Plekhanov, G. [1898] 'The role of the individual in history' in Fundamental Problems of Marxism

   Timpanaro, S. [1970] 'Engels, materialism and "free will"' in his On Materialism

   Novack, G. (1972) 'The Marxist theory of history and the individual', in Novack's Understanding History: Marxist Essays

   Shaw, W.H. (1979) 'The handmill gives you the feudal lord': Marx's technological determinism’, History and Theory 18

   Sherman, H. (1981) ‘Marx and determinism', Journal of Economic Issues 15(1)

   Bien, J. (1984) History, Revolution and Human Nature: Marx's Philosophical Anthropology

   Callinicos, A. (1987) Making History: Agency, Structure and Change in Social Theory

   Cohen, G.A. (1988) 'Historical inevitability and human agency' in his History Labour and Freedom

   Shaw, W.H. (1988) ‘Plekhanov on the role of the individual in history’, Studies in East European Thought (formerly Studies in Soviet Thought) 35(3)

   Bimber, B. (1990) ‘Karl Marx and the three faces of technological determinism’, Social Studies of Science 20(2)

   Ferraro, J. (1992) Freedom and Determination in History According to Marx and Engels

   Laibman, D. (2006) '"The end of history? The problem of agency and change in historical materialist theory', Science & Society 70(2)

 

@ Technological determinism in non-Marxists

   Winner, L. (1978) Autonomous Technology: Technics-Out-Of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought

   Winner, L. (1986) ‘Do artefacts have politics?, in his The Whale and the Reactor

   Marx, L. and Smith, L.R. (eds) (1994) Does Technology Drive History?: The Dilemma of Technological Determinism

   Chandler, D. (1995) 'Technological or media determinism', available online

 

@ Historical and ontological materialism

   Engels [1883] 'Speech at the graveside of Karl Marx'

   Cohen, G.A. (1974) 'Being, consciousness and roles: on the foundations of historical materialism' in C. Abramsky and B. Williams (eds.) Essays in Honour of E.H. Carr

   Collier, A. (1979) 'Materialism and explanation in the human sciences', in Mepham and Ruben (eds.) Issues in Marxist Philosophy Vol. 2

   Cohen, G.A. (1988) History, Labour and Freedom ch. 7 'On an argument for historical materialism'

   Blackburn, R.J. (1990) The Vampire of Reason, introduction

   Hughes, J. (1998?) The Ecological Implications of Historical Materialism, ch. 4

 

@ Pre-capitalist societies

   Marx [1857-58] Grundrisse, 'Precapitalist forms of production'

   Anderson, P. (19?) Lineages of the Absolute State, Appendix B 'The Asiatic mode of production'

   Wickham, C. (1985) 'The uniqueness of the East', Journal of Peasant Studies 12

   Ahmad, A. (1992) In Theory, chs. 5 and 6

   Melotti, U. (1997) Marx and the Third World

 

@ Productive forces and social relations of production

   (See also 'Social relations of production and property relations, the problem of legality')

   (For idea of the modern form of labour as constitutive of capitalism see 'Commodity and value-form ')

   (See also 'Egoism, identity, subject and subjectification in Marx')

   Marx ? in The People's Paper 19 April 1856

   Godelier, M. [19?] Perspectives in Marxist Anthropology, tr. 1976

   Korsch, K. [1923] Marxism and Philosophy, NLB 1970, pp. 83-97

   Stalin, J. [1938] 'Dialectical and historical materialism', in A History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolshevik). Short Course, tr. 1940

   Skolimowski, H. (1966) 'The structure of thinking in technology', in Mitcham, C. and MacKay, R. (eds.) Philosophy and Technology, 1972 (J. Hughes: defines technological progress as increasing efficiency in producing objects to achieve an end – which end is given by the nature of the object)

   Jarvie, I.C. (1966) 'The social character of technological progress: comments on Skolimowski's paper', in Mitcham, C. and MacKay, R. (eds.) Philosophy and Technology, 1972 (J. Hughes: modifies Skolimowski's view by saying that the 'end' of a product is determined socially, not by its nature)

   Balibar [1968] in Althusser, L. Reading Capital, pp. 226 ff

   Thompson, E.P. (197?) The Poverty of Theory

   Lukacs, G. (197?) The Ontology of Social Being

* Cohen, G.A. (1978) Karl Marx's Theory of History, chs. 2.1, 3, 8

   Sayers, S. (1980) 'Forces of production and relations of production in socialist society', Radical Philosophy 24

   Miller, R.W. (1984) Analyzing Marx pp. 195-205

   Sayers, S. (1984) 'Marxism and the dialectical method: a critique of G.A. Cohen', Radical Philosophy 36

   Elster, J. (1985) Making Sense of Marx, pp. 243-258

   Larrain, J. (1986) A Reconstruction of Historical Materialism, pp. 71ff

   Sayer, D. (1987) The Violence of Abstraction, chs. 2-3

   Mills, C.W. (1989) 'Is it immaterial that there's a "material" in "historical materialism"?', Inquiry 32

   Wood, E.M. (1995) Democracy Against Capitalism, ch. 2 'Rethinking base and superstructure'

+ Roberts, M. (1996) Analytical Marxism: A Critique, pp. 52-59

   Wolf, E. Europe and the People without History, ch. 2

 

@ Social relations of production and property relations, the problem of legality

   (The problem of legality is: if RPs are property relations and property relations are legal relations then how can RPs explain the legal superstructure?)

   Plamenatz, J. (1954) German Marxism and Russian Communism, ch. 2, sec. 1 'The relations of production'

   Plamenatz, J. (1963) Man and Society, Vol. 2, pp. 274-292

   Cohen, G.A. (1966-67) 'Beliefs and roles', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society ?, reprinted in J. Glover (ed.) The Philosophy of Mind 1976

   Plamenatz, J. (1970) Ideology, chs. 2 and 3

   Cohen, G.A. (1970) 'On some criticisms of historical materialism 1', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supp. Vol. 44

   Cohen, G.A. (1974) 'Being, consciousness and roles: on the foundations of historical materialism' in C. Abramsky and B. Williams (eds.) Essays in Honour of E.H. Carr, secs. 2-5; slightly revised as History, Labour and Freedom ch. 3

* Cohen, G.A. (1978) Karl Marx's Theory of History, ch. 8

+ Collins, H. (1982) Marxism and Law, pp. 77-85

   Godelier, M. (982) 'The ideal in the real', in R. Samuel and G.S. Jones (eds.) Culture, Ideology and Politics: Essays for Eric Hobsbawm

   Lukes, S. (1983) 'Can the base be distinguished from the superstructure?', in D. Miller and L. Siedentop (eds.) The Nature of Political Theory

   Cohen, G.A. (1983) 'Reply to four critics',  Analyse und Kritik 5 secs. 10-12

   Cohen, G.A. (1984) 'Restricted and inclusive historical materialism', revised and expanded in Cohen's History Labour and Freedom 1988

   Elster, J. (1985) Making Sense of Marx

   Cohen, G.A. (1988) History, Labour and Freedom ch. 2 'Base and superstructure' (restates his solution to the problem of legality, addresses the problem of independent existence, and then in sec. 3 – which reproduces Cohen 1983 sec. 10 – forcefully points out the causal/constitutive confusion in Lukes 1983)

   Cohen, G.A. (1989?) 'Collins on base and superstructure', Oxford Journal of Legal Studies ?

   Chitty, A. (1998) 'Recognition and social relations of  production', Historical Materialism  2(1)

 

@ Functionalist accounts of Marx's theory of historical change

   (Cohen and predecessors)

   (For Cohen on other topics see 'Analytical Marxism: Cohen')

   Plekhanov, G. [19?] Fundamental Problems of Marxism, parts 6-14

   Plekhanov, G. [c.1910] Development of the Monist View of History

   Shaw, W. (197?) Marx's Theory of History

   Cohen, G.A. (1978) Karl Marx's Theory of History, chs. 4,6,9,10

+ Cohen, G.A. (1983) 'Forces and relations of production', in B. Matthews (ed.) Marxism: A Hundred Years On, reprinted in J. Roemer (ed.) Analytical Marxism 1986

+ Cohen, G.A. (1989) 'Forces and relations of production', in Cohen's History, Labour and Freedom

+ Roberts, M. (1996) Analytical Marxism: A Critique, chs. 3-5

 

@ Methodological individualist criticism of functionalist explanation in Marxism

   (And of 'teleological' thinking in general in Marxism)

   (The Cohen-Elster debate, revolving around the question of to what extent functional explanations in general need elaboration by specifying causal or intentional feedback-loop mechanisms to be valid/ satisfactory/ full)

   (For methodological individualist Marxism in general see that)

   (For specific criticisms of Cohen's explanations of transitions, and rational choice alternatives, see 'Rational choice approaches to the problem of transition between epochs')

* Cohen, G.A. (1978) Karl Marx's Theory of History, ch. 9 'Functional explanation: in general' esp. secs. 1-4 (pp. 249-264), ch. 10 'Functional explanation: in Marxism' esp. secs. 4-5 (pp. 285-296) (on elaborations)

   Cohen, M. et als. (eds.) (1980) Marx, Justice and History, part 2, esp. piece by Buchanan

   Elster, J. (1980) 'Cohen on Marx's theory of history', Political Studies 28(1)

   Cohen, G.A. (1980) 'Functional explanations: a reply to Elster', Political Studies 28(1)

   Elster, J. (1982) 'Marxism, functionalism and game theory: the case for methodological individualism', Theory and Society 11:4, reprinted in Callinicos (ed.) Marxist Theory, and in D. Matravers and J.E. Pike (eds) Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy

   Cohen, G.A. (1982) 'Functional explanation, consequence explanation and Marxism', Inquiry 25

   Cohen, G.A. (1982) 'Reply to Elster on "Marxism, functionalism and game theory"', Theory and Society 11:4, reprinted in Callinicos (ed.) Marxist Theory

   Roemer, J. (1982) 'Methodological individualism and deductive Marxism', Theory and Society 11:4

   Elster, J. (1983) Explaining Technical Change

   Halfpenny, P. (1983) 'A refutation of historical materialism?', Social Science Information 22:1, pp 61-87, reprinted in Marx's Theory of History: The Contemporary Debate, (ed.) P. Wetherly, 1992

+ Elster, J. (1983) Explaining Technical Change, pp. 64-68

   Elster, J. (1985) Making Sense of Marx, ch. 2.4, ch. 5

   Cohen, G.A. (1986) 'Marxism and functional explanation'

   Elster, J. (1986) 'Further thoughts on Marxism, functionalism and game theory', in J. Roemer (ed.) Analytical Marxism

   Carling, A. (1991) Social Division, ch. 1

 

@ Rational choice approaches to the problem of transition between epochs

   (Esp. transition to capitalism)

   (For transition to socialism see 'Rational choice approaches to class action and class consciousness')

   The German Ideology, ch. 1

   Communist Manifesto

   Capital Vol. 1, chs. 26-33

   Brenner, R. (1976) 'Agrarian class structure and economic development in pre-industrial Europe', Past and Present 70, reprinted in Aston, T.H. and Philpin, C.H.E. (eds.) The Brenner Debate, 1985

   Brenner, R. (1977) 'The origins of capitalist development: a critique of neo-Smithian Marxism', New Left Review 104, reprinted in Aston, T.H. and Philpin, C.H.E. (eds.) The Brenner Debate, 1985

   Cohen, G. (1978) Karl Marx's Theory of History, ch. 10 secs. 4-5 (pp. 285-296)

   Levine, A. and Wright, E.O. (1980) 'Rationality and class struggle', New Left Review 123, reprinted in Callinicos, A. (ed.) Marxist Theory, 1989; substantially revised as ch. 2 of E.O. Wright, A. Levine and E. Sober Reconstructing Marxism 1992

   Nielsen, K. (1983) 'On taking historical materialism seriously', Dialogue 22:2

   Cohen, J. (1982) Review of Cohen: Karl Marx's Theory of History, Journal of Philosophy

   Brenner, R. (1982) 'The agrarian roots of European capitalism', Past and Present 97, reprinted in Aston, T.H. and Philpin, C.H.E. (eds.) The Brenner Debate 1985

   Cohen, G.A. (1983) 'Reply to four critics', Analyse und Kritik 5

   Elster, J. (1984) 'Historical materialism and economic backwardness', in Ball, T. and Farr, J. (eds.) After Marx

   Wood, E.M. (1984) 'Marxism and the course of history', New Left Review 147

   Van Parijs, P. (1984) 'Marxism's central puzzle', in Ball, T. and Farr, J. (eds.) After Marx, earlier version published in German in Analyse und Kritik 4, 1982

   Elster, J. (1985) Making Sense of Marx, ch. 5

   Brenner, R. (1985) 'Marx's two theories of transition to capitalism (part one)', Acts du Colloque Marx, Paris

   Brenner, R. (1986) 'The social basis of economic development', in Analytical Marxism, (ed.) J. Roemer

   Buchanan, A.E. (1987) 'Marx, morality and history: an assessment of recent analytical work on Marx', Ethics 98, part 1

   Cohen, G.A. and Kymlicka, W. (1988) 'Human nature and social change in the Marxist conception of history', Journal of  Philosophy 85, reprinted in History Labour and Freedom, ch. 5

+ Cohen, G.A. (1988) 'Forces and relations of production', in Cohen's History, Labour and Freedom

   Brenner, R. (1989) 'Bourgeois revolution and the transition to capitalism', in The First Modern Society, (eds.) A.L. Beier et als

   Carling, A. (1991) Social Division, chs. 2-3

   Roberts, M. (1996) Analytical Marxism: A Critique, ch. 4

 

@ National and religious identity in historical materialism

   Cohen, G.A. (1983) 'Reconsidering historical materialism', in Pennock, J.R. and Chapman, J.W. (eds.) Nomos XXVl: Marxism, reprinted in Callinicos, A. (ed.) Marxist Theory 1989, reprinted with a few changes in Cohen's History Labour and Freedom 1988

 

@ International and intranational competition in Marx's theory of history

   (Darwinian elaborations of Cohen)

   Semenov, Y.I. [19?] 'The theory of socio-economic formations and world history' in Gellner, E. (ed.) Soviet and Western Anthropology, 1980

   Gellner, E. (1980) 'A Russian Marxist philosophy of history' in Gellner, E. (ed.) Soviet and Western Anthropology

   Torrance, J. (1985) 'Reproduction and development: a case for a Darwinian  mechanism in Marx's theory of history', Political Studies 33

   Roemer, J. (1988) Free to Lose, ch. 8 'Historical materialism'

   Carling, A. (1988) 'Liberty, equality, community' New Left Review 171

   Cohen, G.A. (1988) 'Forces and relations of production', in Cohen's History, Labour and Freedom

   Bertram, C. (1990) 'International competition in historical materialism', New Left Review 182

   Carling, A. (1991) Social Division, ch. 3

   Casal, P. (1994) 'On societal and global historical materialism', in Bertram, C. and Chitty, A. (eds.) Has History Ended? Fukuyama, Marx and Modernity

 

@ Weakened versions of historical materialism

   Miller, R.W. (1981) 'Productive forces and the forces of change: a review of Gerald A. Cohen, Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence', Philosophical Review 90:1; revised and extended version, with references to Cohen excised, as ch. 4  of Miller's Analyzing Marx, 1984

   Wright, E.O., Levine, A. and Sober, E. (1992) Reconstructing Marxism, part 1

 

@ Ideology and 'false consciousness' in Marx

   (See also 'Ideology since Marx', 'Fetishism and reification in Marx')

   (On the juridical illusion see 'Law in Marx: general')

   Berki, R.N. (1973) 'The Marxian concept of bourgeois ideology: some aspects and perspectives', in R. Benewick et al. (eds.) Knowledge and Belief in Politics

   Jakubowski, F. (1976) Ideology and Superstructure in Historical Materialism

   Seliger, M. (1977) The Marxist Conception of Ideology

   'On Ideology, Working Papers in Cultural Studies 10, Birmingham

   Cohen, G.A. (1978) Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence, pp. 289-293

   Mepham, J. (1972) 'The theory of ideology in Capital', Radical Philosophy 2, reprinted in J. Mepham and D.-H. Ruben (eds.) Issues in Marxist Philosophy Vol. 3

   Sayer, D. (1979) Marx's Method: Ideology, Science and Critique in Capital

   Mellos, K. (1980) 'The concept of ideology in Marx' Social Praxis 7:1-2, 5-19

* McCarney, J. (1980) The Real World of Ideology

   Eyerman, R. (1981) 'False consciousness and ideology in Marxist theory', Acta Sociologica 24, 43-56

   Parekh, B. (1982) Marx's Theory of Ideology

   Larrain, J. (1983) Marxism and Ideology, 2nd ed. 1991, esp. ch. 1

   Sayer, D. (1987) The Violence of Abstraction, ch. 4

   Nielsen, K. (1989) Marxism and the Moral Point of View: Morality, Ideology and Historical Materialism

   Pines, L.C. (1993) Ideology and False Consciousness: Marx and his Historical Progenitors

   McCarthy, E.D. (1994) 'The uncertain future of ideology: rereading Marx', Sociological Quarterly 35(3)

   Torrance, J. (1995) Karl Marx's Theory of Ideas

 

@ Ideology since Marx

   (See also 'Althusser on ideology')

   Lukacs, G. [1923] 'Class consciousness', secs. 1-4, in History and Class Consciousness

   Mannheim, K. [1929] Ideology and Utopia, ch. 2 sec. 1-5, abridged in Eagleton ed

   Poulantzas, N. [1968] Political Power and Social Classes, tr. 1975, pp.195-210

+ Lichtheim, G. (1965) 'The concept of ideology', History and Theory 4, reprinted in G.H. Nadel ed. Studies in the Philosophy of History, also in Lichtheim's The Concept of Ideology and Other Essays

   Habermas, J. [1968] 'Technology and science as 'ideology'', in Toward a Rational Society, reprinted in Seidman ed

   Barth, H. (1976) Truth and Ideology

   Larrain, J. (1979) The Concept of Ideology

   Carlsnaes, W. (1981) The Concept of Ideology and Political Analysis: A Critical Examination of its Usage by Marx, Lenin and Mannheim

+ Geuss, R. (1981) The Idea of a Critical Theory: Habermas and the Frankfurt School, ch. 1

   Elster, J. (1982) 'Belief, bias and ideology', in Hollis and Lukes ed., reprinted in Eagleton (ed.) Ideology

   Thompson, J. (1984) Studies in the Theory of Ideology

   Roemer, J. (1985) 'Rationalising revolutionary ideology', Econometrica 53

   McLellan, D. (1986) Ideology

   Hall, S. (1986) 'The problem of ideology: Marxism without guarantees', Journal of Communication Inquiry 10(2)

   Thompson, J.B. (1990) Ideology and Modern Culture: Critical Social Theory in the Era of Mass Communication

   Barrett, M. (1991) The Politics of Truth: From Marx to Foucault

+ Eagleton, T. (1991) Ideology: An Introduction

   Eagleton, T. (ed.) (1994) Ideology

   Rosen, M. (1996) On Voluntary Servitude

 

@ Moral progress in historical materialism

   Roemer, J.F. (1982) A General Theory of Exploitation and Class, c. p.243, 271

   Carling, A. (1986) 'Rational choice Marxism', New Left Review 186, reprinted in M. Cowling and L. Wilde (eds.)  Approaches to Marx  p. 206-210 criticises the identification of history with moral progress in Roemer)

   Roemer, J. (1988) Free to Lose, ch. 8 'Historical materialism'

   Wood, E.M. (1989) 'Rational choice Marxism: is the game worth the candle?', New Left Review 177

   Roberts, M. (1997) 'Analytical Marxism: an ex-paradigm? The odyssey of G.A. Cohen', Radical Philosophy 82

 

@ Sociological materialism

   Wright, E.O. (1985) Classes

   Colletti, L. (1972) 'Marxism as a sociology' in his From Rousseau to Lenin

   Bottomore, T. (1975) 'Karl Marx: sociologist or Marxist?' in Sociology as Social Criticism

 

@ Marx's historiography (mainly of the 1848 revolutions and Paris Commune)

   The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte

   The Class Struggles in France, 1848 to 1850

   The Civil War in France

   Moss, B.H. (1985) 'Marx and Engels on French social democracy: historians or revolutionaries?', Journal of the History of Ideas 46

   Honneth, A. [1992] The Struggle for Recognition, trans. 1995, ch. 7, first section

   Cowling, M. and Martin, J. (2002) Marx's Eighteenth Brumaire: (Post)modern Interpretations

- Lavin, C. (2005) "Postliberal agency in Marx's Brumaire", Rethinking Marxism 17(3)

 

@ Communist Manifesto

   Cowling, M. (1998) The Communist Manifesto: New Interpretations

 

@ Colonialism and imperialism

   Marx, 'The British rule in India', 'The future results of the British rule in India', in D. Fernbach (ed.) Surveys from Exile

   Marx, Capital volume 1, ch. 31 ‘Genesis of the industrial capitalist’

   Marx, Karl Marx on Colonialism and Modernization, ed. S. Avineri 1968

   Marx, On Colonialism: Articles from the New York Tribune, and Other Writings 1972     

   Kautsky, K. [1914] ‘Imperialism and the war’, available online

   Lenin, V.I. [1917] Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism

   Brewer, A. (1980) Marxist Theories of Imperialism: A Critical Survey, 2nd ed. 2002

 

@ Soviet Union: Marxist analyses

   McCarney, J. (1991) ‘The true realm of freedom: Marxist Philosophy after communism’, New Left Review I/189

 

@ 6. CAPITAL

 

@ Capital: introductions

   Marx, Value Price and Profit, in editions of selected works

   Fine, B. (1975) Marx's Capital, 3rd ed. 1989

   Kolakowski, L. (1978) Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1: The Founders, chs. 12-13

   Harvey, D. (2009) Introduction to Marx's Capital

 

@ Grundrisse and the 1861-63 Manuscript

   (With thanks to Chris Arthur)

   (For commentaries on the 1857 Introduction, see 'Method of Capital: general')

   (For capital in general see 'Capital in general and many capitals')

   Nicolaus, M. (1968) 'The Unknown Marx', New Left Review 48

* Rosdolsky, R. [1968] The Making of Marx's 'Capital', tr. 1977

   Mandel, E. (1971) The Formation of the Economic Thought of Karl Marx

   McLellan, D. (1971) 'Introduction', in Karl Marx, Marx's Grundisse

   Cohen, G.A. (1972) 'Thoughts on the Grundrisse', Marxism Today 16(12)

   Nicolaus, M. (1973) 'Foreword' to Karl Marx Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Draft), Penguin and Vintage Books

   Dobb, M. (1973) 'Grundrisse', Marxism Today, 17(10)

   Vygodskii, V.S. [1973] The Story of a Great Discovery: How Karl Marx Wrote 'Capital', tr. 1974

   Tribe, K. (1974) 'Remarks on the theoretical significance of Marx's Grundrisse', Economy and Society 3(2)

   Postone, M. and Reinicke, H. (1974-75) 'On Nicolaus "Introduction"