[Feb 2005],
Cybernetics/History of AI
A proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. J. McCarthy, M. L. Minsky, Harvard University N. Rochester, C.E. Shannon, August 31, 1955
The Alan Turing Home Page, Maintained by Andrew Hodges
Constructions of the Mind: Artificial Intelligence and the Humanities, special issue Volume 4, issue 2 of the Stanford Humanities Review. Of special historical interest are the contribution by Francisco Varela and the interview with Heinz von Foerster.
A Mathematical Theory of Communication by Claude E. Shannon (1948) (online version).
Warren Mcculloch's Search for the Logic of the Nervous System, by Michael A. Arbib. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 43.2 (2000) 193-216.
NEW: Exploration and high adventure: the legacy of Grey Walter, by Owen Holland (2003), Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society London A. vol 361, number 1811 (October). Online version available through the Electronic Library
Early History of Soviet Cybernetics
Gordon Pask Obituaries by Paul Pangaro. (London
Guardian), (American
Society of Cybernetics)
Additional Literature:
Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, by N. Wiener 2 ed M.I.T. P.,1961
The cybernetics group by Steve J. Heims Cambridge, Mass.:MIT P.,1991
John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener: from mathematics to the technologies of life and death by Steve J. Heims, Cambridge, Mass.:MIT P.,1980
Self-Organising Systems: Proceedings of an Interdisciplinary Conference, 5 & 6 May, 1959 edited by M. C. Yovits and S. Cameron, Pergamon,1960
Principles of Self-Organization: Transactions edited by H. Von Foerster and G. W. Zopf, Pergamon P.,1962
W. Ross Ashby (1956): An Introduction to Cybernetics, (Chapman & Hall, London) PDF version (Don't send it straight into the printer, be sure you want to read it first).
What Ashby Says... Some quotations.
Nick
Simons Java implementation of the homeostat.
Additional LIterature:
Design for a brain: the origin of adaptive behaviour, by W. R.
Ashby , 2 ed , Chapman,1960
Autopoiesis
The Observer Web. Resources, bibliographies, online texts.
Biology of Cognition Web Page of Humberto Maturana. Send a question to HM.
Francisco Varela's Home Page. Mostrly work on neuroscience and human consciousness.
Rediscovering Computational Autopoiesis. (1997) Barry McMullin and Francisco J. Varela. The Original Algorithm. Barry McMullin
P. Luisi's group. Research on chemical autopoiesis and minimal cells.
Boden, M. A., (2000) Autopoiesis and Life Cognitive Science Quarterly, 1:1, (pp. 117-145).
Varela, F. J., (1994) Autopoiesis and a Biology of Intentionality, In: McMullin. B., Murphy, N. (eds) Autopoiesis and Perception, Proceedings of a workshop held at Dublin City University on August 25th & 26th, 1992.
Maturana, H. (1978) Biology
of Language: The Epistemology of Reality In Miller, George A., and
Elizabeth Lenneberg (Eds.) Psychology and Biology of Language
and Thought: Essays in Honor of Eric Lenneberg New York: Academic
Press, pp. 27-63.
Additional Literature:
Autopoiesis and Cognition: the Realization of the Living by H. R. Maturana and F. J. Varela, Dordrecht:Reidel,1980
The tree of knowledge: the biological roots of human understanding by Humberto R. Maturana and Francisco J. Varela, Rev. ed, Boston, Mass.:Shambala,1992
Autocatalytic self-replicating micelles and models for prebiotic structures P. A. Bachmann, P. L. Luisi and J. Lang, Nature 1992, 357, 57-59
Self-replicating micelles: a chemical version of minimal autopoietic systems, P. L. Luisi and F. J. Varela, Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 1990, 19, 633-643
Simulation of self-reproducing micelles using a lattice-gas automaton, P. V. Coveney, A. N. Emerton and B. M. Boghosian, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 10719-10724
Defining the transition to life: self-replicating bounded structues and chemical autopoiesis L. Luisi, in Thinking about Biology (E. Stein and F. J. Varela, eds.), Addison-Wesley, pp. 3-25 (1993)
Natural Tolerance in a Simple Immune Network, Vera Calenbuhr, Hugues Bersini, John Stewart, Francisco J. Varela, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 177, No. 3, Dec 1995, pp. 199-213
Development of an Idiotypic Network in Shape Space, Vincent Detours, Hugues Bersini, John Stewart, Francisco Varela, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 170, No. 4, Oct 1994, pp. 401-414
Reinforcement Learning
NEW Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. By Richard Barto and Andrew Sutton. Whole book in html.
Ecological Adaptation
"The
Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology", by John Dewey, Psychological
Review 3, (1896): 357-370.
Additional Literature:
The Organism: A Holistic Approach to Biology Derived from Pathological Data in Man by Kurt Goldstein, MIT Press (2000/1939)
Experience and nature by J. Dewey, Dover,1958 (1929)
Human nature and conduct: an introduction to social psychology by J. Dewey, Random House, 1929
Phenomenology of perception by Maurice Merleau-Ponty, London:Routledge,1962
Von Holst, E., Mittelstaedt, H. (1971) The principle of reafference: Interactions between the central nervous system and the peripheral organs.In P.C. Dodwell (Ed.), Perceptual processing: Stimulus equivalence and pattern recognition. New York: Appleton.
Kohler, I. The formation and transformation of the perceptual world. Psychol. Issues 3 (monogr. 12) 1-173 (1964).
Stratton, G. M. Vision without inversion of the retinal image. Psychol. Rev. 4, 341-360; 463-481 (1897).
Sugita, Y. Global plasticity in adult visual cortex following reversal of visual input. Nature 380, 523-526 (1996).
Body image as a visuomotor transformation device revealed in adaptation to reversed vision, Kaoru Sekiyama, Satoru Miyauchi, Toshihide Imaruoka, Hiroyuki Egusa, Takara Tashiro, Nature Volume 407 Number 6802 Page 374 - 377 (2000)
Eye and brain: the psychology of seeing by Richard L. Gregory, 5th ed, Oxford:O.U.P.,1998
The ecological approach to visual perception by James Jerome Gibson, Boston, Mass.:Houghton Mifflin,1979
Biology and Knowledge: an Essay on the Relations between Organic Regulations and Cognitive Processes by J. Piaget, Edinburgh U.P.,1971
Computation and human experience by Philip E. Agre, C.U.P.,1997
Sensory substitution, intelligent
prostheses
The Bach-y-Rita Chronicles. A site with lots of movies showing sensorimotor substitution at work.
The vOICe device. Vision technology for the totally blind.
Additional Literature:
Brain Mechanisms in Sensory Substitution by P.Bach-y-Rita
Academic P.,1972
Centre for the Study of Evolution at Sussex. Lots of info, news, educational links, seminar announcements.
Evolution Update News and resources.
Evolutionary classics. Online texts
The Baldwin Effect: A Bibliography
A new factor in evolution. Mark Baldwin, The American Naturalist 30 (June 1896): 441-451, 536-553.
"The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme" (1979)S J Gould and R C Lewontin Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, VOL. 205, NO. 1161 (1979), PP. 581-598.
"What is a Species, and What is Not?" (1996), Ernst Mayr Philosophy of Science, VOL. 63 (JUNE 1996) PP. 262-277.
"Niche Construction, Biological Evolution and Cultural Change". Kevin
N. Laland, John Odling-Smee, Marcus W. Feldman
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Volume 23, Issue 01. February
2000. pp131-146
BBS preprint. (Campus-only online access to published version
with commentary: go to BBS
homepage, click on Cambridge Online Journals and do a keyword search)
K. N. Laland, F. J. Odling-Smee, and M. W. Feldman, "Evolutionary consequences of niche construction and their implications for ecology", Proc. Nat. Acad. Scien. USA 96: 10242-10247. [PDF]
Frequency dependent evolution. A page on the strategies of the male
side-blotched lizards
Additional Literature:
Evolution and the Theory of Games by J. Maynard Smith, C.U.P.,1982
The theory of evolution by John Maynard Smith 3rd ed. Harmondsworth:Penguin,1975 etc
The major transitions in evolution by John Maynard Smith and Eors Szathmary, Oxford:Freeman,1995
Adaptation and Natural Selection: a critique of some current evolutionary thought /(by) G. C. Williams, Princeton U.P.,1966
The genetical evolution of social behaviour I-II, W. D. Hamilton, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7:1-52, 1964.
How not to measure inclusive fitness. A. Grafen, Nature, 298, 425-426, 1982
The neutral theory of molecular evolution by Motoo Kimura C.U.P.,1983
The evolution of individuality by Leo W. Buss Princeton U.P.,1987
Darwinian Dynamics Richard E. Michod, Princeton University Press, 1999
Ontogeny and Phylogeny by S. J. Gould, Harvard U.P.,1977
Wonderful life :the Burgess shale and the nature of history by Stephen Jay Gould, London:Hutchinson Radius,1989
The dialectical biologist by Richard Levins and Richard C. Lewontin, Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard U.P.,1985
The Evolution of an Evolutionist by C. H. Waddington, Edinburgh U.P.,1975
Towards a Theoretical Biology, Vols 1 - 4, edited by C. H. Waddington, Edinburgh U.P.,1968 - 1972
How the leopard changed its spots :the evolution of complexity by Brian Carey Goodwin, London:Weidenfeld & Nicolson,1994
The origins of order: self-organization and selection in evolution by Stuart A. Kauffman, New York:O.U.P.,1993
Evolutionary Computing
EvoWeb, the network of excellence in evolutionary computing.
EASy
group at Sussex.
Additional Literature:
Autonomous Robotics
RobotTuna homepage at MIT
Braitenberg Creatures, David W. Hogg, Fred Martin, Mitchel Resnick (1991)
MIT Leg Lab (hopping robots, walkers)
Additional Literature:
Vehicles: experiments in synthetic psychology by Valentino Braitenberg, Cambridge, Mass.:MIT P.,1984
Robotics science /edited by Michael Brady, Cambridge, MA.:MIT P.,1989
Understanding intelligence by Rolf Pfeifer and Christian Scheier, Cambridge, Mass.:MIT P.,1999
Being there: putting brain, body, and world together again by Andy Clark, Cambridge, Mass.:MIT P.,1997
Smithers, T. (1997) Autonomy in robots and other agents, Brain and Cognition, 34, 88 - 106
Triantafyllou MS, Triantafyllou GS, Yue DKP (2000)
Hydrodynamics
of fishlike swimming ANNU REV FLUID MECH 32: 33-53 (Available online
from Campus)
Evolutionary Robotics
Centre for computational neuroscience and robotics at Sussex
Autonomous Agents Research Group Case Western Reserve University
Evolutionary and Adaptive Systems Team at EPFL, Lausanne
Brandeis DEMO Lab. See especially the GOLEM project
Jakobi, N. (1997) Evolutionary robotics and the radical envelope-of-noise hypothesis. Adaptive Behavior 6(2), 325 - 368
Jakobi, N. (1998) Running across the reality gap: Octopod locomotion evolved in a minimal simulation. EvoRob'98, Paris. Springer
Mataric, M. and Cliff, D. (1996) Challenges
In Evolving Controllers for Physical Robots, in "Evolutional Robotics",
special issue of Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 19(1), Oct 1996,
67-83.
Additional Literature:
Evolvable Hardwarde
Evolutionary Electronics at Sussex
Compiled by Ezequiel Di Paolo